基于期权契约的应急物资储备采购模型及策略研究  

Emergency Supplies Reserve:Its Procurement Model and Strategies Based on the Options Contracts

作　　者：刘阳[1] 贾顺[1] 田军[2] 高晓宁 LIU Yang;JIA Shun;TIAN Jun;GAO Xiaoning(College of Energy and Mining Engineering,Shandong University of Science and Technology,Qingdao,Shandong 266590,China;School of Management,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China;School of Information Management,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]山东科技大学能源与矿业工程学院,山东青岛266590 [2]西安交通大学管理学院,陕西西安710049 [3]郑州大学信息管理学院,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《山东科技大学学报(社会科学版)》2024年第6期64-77,共14页Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：2024年度青岛市社会科学规划研究项目(QDSKL2401106)。

摘　　要：预先储备数量不足和采购策略不合理是引起灾后应急物资短缺的重要原因,会导致灾民产生痛苦,还阻碍应急物资储备效能的发挥。本研究引入期权契约到政企应急物资供应链中,为政府优先从不同渠道获取所需物资设定不同概率,将灾民随应急物资匮乏时间变化产生的匮乏成本纳入政府的决策考量,构建基于期权契约的应急物资储备采购模型,得出政企应急物资最优储备策略以及应急物资供应链达到协调的条件。模拟政企最优储备量、期权执行价格、政府成本和企业收益的变化趋势,提出改善政府成本和企业收益的应急物资储备采购策略。研究表明,利用期权契约构建的应急物资储备采购模型为实现应急物资柔性供应提供理论支撑,实现应急物资灾前储备和灾后采购供应的有机结合,减轻灾害引起的损失和对灾民的影响,也为政企建立长期合作关系提供决策依据。Insufficient emergency reserve and irrational procurement strategies significantly contribute to the shortage of vital post-disaster emergency supplies,which leads to the suffering of victims and hinders the effectiveness of emergency supplies reserve.This study introduces the options contracts into the supply chain of government-enterprise emergency supplies,assigning differential probabilities to prioritize the acquisition channels,and incorporating victims’deprivation costs incurred with deprivation time into the government’s decision-making.We have devised a procurement model for emergency reserve grounded in the options contracts,aiming to derive optimal decision strategies and conditions that facilitate coordination within the relief supply chain.Through simulation,we have analyzed the trend in optimal reserve volumes,exercise prices,government costs,and supplier profits.Consequently,we propose comprehensive strategies for emergency reserve and procurement,offering a robust theoretical foundation for achieving flexible emergency material supply.This model seamlessly blends pre-disaster reserve with post-disaster procurement and supply,effectively mitigating disaster-induced losses and minimizing the impact on victims.Furthermore,it provides a decisive basis for fostering long-term,collaborative relationship between the government and suppliers.

关 键 词：应急物资 政企合作 储备采购模型 渠道协调 期权契约 

分 类 号：TP399[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]