“三孩”政策下大学生生育意愿调查研究  

College students'fertility intentions under the″Three-child″policy

作　　者：华瑞昭 江剑平[1] Hua Ruizhao;Jiang Jianping(College of Life Sciences,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350117,China)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学生命科学学院,福州350117

出　　处：《保健医学研究与实践》2024年第9期1-10,共10页Health Medicine Research and Practice

基　　金：教育部产学合作协同育人项目(202101099013、201802136084);中国计划生育协会青春健康高校A类项目;福建师范大学课程思政示范课程项目(K202001004);福建师范大学本科教学改革研究项目(I202002017,I202201068);福建师范大学首批虚拟教研室项目。

摘　　要：目的探讨大学生在“三孩”政策下的生育意愿及影响因素,为进一步优化完善我国生育政策支持措施提供参考依据。方法通过问卷星,采用自编问卷对1034名大学生进行在线无记名调查,问卷包括人口学信息、生育意愿和政策认知态度等部分。其中调查对象的一般情况采用描述性统计分析,计数资料比较采用卡方检验,计量资料比较采用t检验,采用logistic回归分析人口特征对生育意愿的影响。结果43.91%的大学生选择二孩家庭为其理想家庭模式,28.24%选择独生子女家庭,18.08%选择无伴侣无子女家庭和丁克家庭,6.87%选择三孩家庭,2.90%选择四孩及以上家庭。回归结果显示,大学生生育意愿受到性别、年级、居住地、原生家庭类型、父亲受教育程度、母亲受教育程度6个因素的影响(P<0.05)。从性别上看,男性与女性相比,在“三孩”政策背景下具有更高的生育意愿(OR=1.747);从年级来看,与大一学生相比,大二和大三的学生生育意愿更低(OR=0.659,OR=0.685);从居住地上看,居住地为农村的大学生与居住地为城市的大学生相比较,具有更高的生育意愿(OR=1.529);从原生家庭类型来看,原生家庭为三孩家庭的学生比独生子女具有更高的生育意愿(OR=1.485);从父亲受教育程度上看,与父亲受教育程度为初中及以下的大学生相比,父亲受教育程度为高中/中职和大专/高职的学生具有更高的生育意愿(OR=1.671,OR=1.568);从母亲受教育程度来看,母亲受教育程度为大专/高职的学生比母亲受教育程度为初中及以下的学生具有更高的生育意愿(OR=1.482)。结论多数大学生认为二孩家庭模式最为理想,对三孩及以上生育意愿较低。因此,应从完善生育经济支持政策、推进社会托育体系建设、保障女性职业发展、营造生育友好的社会氛围和提供住房补贴等配套支持措施方面入手,促进“三孩”政策的有效实施。Objective To explore the fertility intentions of college students under the″Three-child″policy and its influencing factors,providing a reference for optimizing and improving China's fertility policy support.Methods Using the Wenjuanxing platform,a self-designed questionnaire was employed to conduct an anonymous online survey of 1034 college students.The questionnaire included sections on demographic information,fertility intentions,and attitudes toward the policy.Descriptive statistical analysis was used for general demographic data,chi-square tests for categorical data comparison,t-tests for continuous data comparison,and logistic regression analysis to evaluate the impact of demographic characteristics on fertility intentions.Results Among the surveyed college students,43.91%preferred a two-child family as their ideal family model,28.24%chose a one-child family,18.08%selected a childless family or″DINK″(dual income,no kids)family,6.87%opted for a three-child family,and 2.90%chose a family with four or more children.Logistic regression results indicated that fertility intentions were influenced by six factors:gender,academic year,place of residence,type of family of origin,father's education level,and mother's education level(P<0.05).Regarding gender,male students demonstrated significantly higher fertility intentions under the″three-child″policy compared to their female counterparts(OR=1.747).Concerning the academic year,sophomores and juniors exhibited notably lower fertility intentions relative to freshmen(OR=0.659,OR=0.685,respectively).As for the place of residence,students from rural areas showed higher fertility intentions in comparison to their urban counterparts(OR=1.529).In terms of family of origin,students from families with three children displayed greater fertility intentions compared to those who had no siblings(OR=1.485).For paternal education level,students whose fathers attained a high school or vocational education level exhibited higher fertility intentions than those whose father

关 键 词：“三孩”政策 大学生 生育意愿 

分 类 号：R195[医药卫生—卫生统计学] C924.21[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]