中药炭药历代本草、现代标准及炮制经验辑要  

Summary of Traditional Chinese Herbs,Modern Standards and Processing Experience of Charcoal Medicine

作　　者：曲珍妮 吕畅 朱娟娟 周巧 卢琪 戴衍朋[1,2] 石典花 QU Zhenni;LYU Chang;ZHU Juanjuan;ZHOU Qiao;LU Qi;DAI Yanpeng;SHI Dianhua(Shandong Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Jinan 250014,Shandong,China;Key Laboratory of Processing Technology and Principle of Honey and Charcoal,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Jinan 250014,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省中医药研究院,山东济南250014 [2]国家中医药管理局中药蜜制和制炭炮制技术与原理重点研究室,山东济南250014

出　　处：《中华中医药学刊》2025年第1期81-93,共13页Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine

基　　金：国家中医药管理局中药炮制技术传承基地建设项目(国中医药办规财函[2022]185号);国家中医药管理局第七批全国老中医药专家学术经验继承项目(国中医药人教函[2022]76号);国家中医药管理局全国中药特色技术传承人才培训项目(国中医药人教函[2023]96号);国家中医药管理局高水平中医药重点学科建设项目(zyyzdxk-2023121);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2023MH114);山东省中医药科技发展计划项目(Q-2022085,Z-2022086T,Q-2023158);山东省卫生健康委员会齐鲁医派中医学术流派传承项目(鲁卫函[2021]45号)。

摘　　要：通过查阅古籍文献、药典和炮制规范,系统梳理中药炭药的历史沿革、历版《中华人民共和国药典》(以下简称《中国药典》)、全国及各省中药炮制规范、各地中药炮制经验中的收载情况。发现炭药应用历史悠久,在止血及胃肠道疾病方面疗效显著,且炭药在古代应用多以动物类炭药为主,而现代多为植物类炭药,应探索挖掘动物类炭药品种临床应用价值。历版《中国药典》、全国及各省中药炮制规范、各地中药炮制经验中共收载78种炭药,其中《中国药典》收载炭药39种,全国中药炮制规范收载炭药42种,各省中药炮制规范收载炭药24种,各地中药炮制经验收载炭药56种,其中有12种炭药仅在经验中收载,目前尚未收载于《中国药典》及炮制规范中。另外,同一炭药收载情况存在“一药多法”“各地方法”现象,有的方法虽一致但工艺存在一定差异,基于此应加大炭药挖掘整理力度,规范炭药炮制方法,积极推动更多炭药品种纳入地方、全国中药炮制规范及药典标准,同时也要注重建立炭药临方炮制规范,让炭药发挥更好的临床应用价值。炭药是中药炮制的重要特色之一,系统总结炭药历史沿革和标准、经验收载情况,可为进一步挖掘炭药品种,扩大其临床应用等的深入研究提供文献参考。By consulting ancient literature,pharmacopoeia and processing specifications,this paper systematically combed the historical evolution of carbonized Chinese medicine,the historical edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(hereinafter referred to as Ch.P),the national and provincial Chinese medicine processing specifications,and the collection of Chinese medicine processing experience in various places.It is found that charcoal medicine has a long history of application,and has a significant effect on hemostasis and gastrointestinal diseases.The application of charcoal medicine in ancient times is mainly animal charcoal medicine,while in modern times it is mostly plant charcoal medicine.It is necessary to explore the clinical application value of animal charcoal medicine.A total of 78 kinds of charcoal drugs were recorded in the Ch.P,the national and provincial Chinese medicine processing specifications,and the processing experience of Chinese medicine in various places.Among them,39 kinds of charcoal drugs were recorded in the Ch.P,42 kinds of charcoal drugs were recorded in the national Chinese medicine processing specifications,24 kinds of charcoal drugs were recorded in the provincial Chinese medicine processing specifications,and 56 kinds of charcoal drugs were recorded in the processing experience of Chinese medicine in various places.Among them,12 kinds of charcoal drugs were only recorded in experience,and have not yet been recorded in the Ch.P and processing specifications.In addition,it was found that there was a phenomenon of“one drug with multiple methods”and“local methods”in the collection of the same charcoal drug.Some methods were consistent but there were some differences in the process.Based on this,the excavation and collation of charcoal drugs should be increased,the processing methods of charcoal drugs should be standardized,and more charcoal drugs should be actively promoted into the local and national Chinese medicine processing standards and pharmacopoeia standards.At the same time,the estab

关 键 词：中药炭药 历史沿革 炮制规范 标准 炮制经验 

分 类 号：R283[医药卫生—中药学]