中国老年人体育锻炼健康回报效应的变迁研究——基于“年龄—时期—世代”效应分析  

Research on the Changes in the Health Benefits of Physical Exercise for Chinese Elderly People-Based on the Analysis of“Age-Period-Cohort”Effect

作　　者：张晓丽[1,3] 王欣 ZHANG Xiaoli;WANG Xin(College of Physical Education,Xi'an Physical Education University,Xi'an 710068,China;College of Sports Economy and Management,Xi'an Physical Education University,Xi'an 710068,China;School of Physical Education and Sport Science,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350117,China)

机构地区：[1]西安体育学院体育教育学院,西安710068 [2]西安体育学院体育经济与管理学院,西安710068 [3]福建师范大学体育科学学院,福州350117

出　　处：《西安体育学院学报》2024年第5期635-646,共12页Journal of Xi'an Physical Education University

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金项目(346620);陕西省软科学项目(S2023-ZC-RKXMS-0392)。

摘　　要：老年人体育锻炼对身心健康的影响并非一成不变,而是受微观生命历程和宏观社会进程的双重影响。基于2010—2021年中国综合社会调查(CGSS)的7期混合截面数据,总计覆盖22569份老年人研究样本,使用多层交叉随机效应模型,分析了老年人体育锻炼健康回报在时间上的年龄、时期和世代3个维度的动态变化趋势。研究发现,老年人体育锻炼具有显著的身心健康回报效应;体育锻炼的健康回报在年龄上表现为“先下降后上升”;世代效应呈“下降-上升-下降”趋势,“40后”达到峰值,“50后”回落至低谷;时期效应则受全民健身政策和突发公共卫生事件影响,大致经历“小幅上升—小幅下降—迅速回升-快速下降-缓慢复苏”等5个阶段。研究揭示了老年人体育锻炼健康回报的复杂性和多维性,强调持续体育锻炼在健康老龄化中的重要作用。The impact of physical exercise on the physical and mental health of the elderly is not static,but is influenced by both micro life processes and macro social processes.Based on 7 mixed interface data from the China General Social Survey(CGSS)from 2010 to 2021,covering a total of 22569 elderly research samples,a multi-layer crossover random effects model(HAPC-CCREM)was used to analyze the dynamic changes in the health benefits of physical exercise among the elderly in three time dimensions(age,period,and cohort).Research results show that:Physical exercise has a significant physical and mental health benefits effect for the elderly;In terms of age effect,the health benefits of physical exercise show a“first decrease and then increase”trend with age;The cohort effect shows a trend of“decline—rise—decline”,reaching its peak in 40s and falling back to its trough in 50 s;The period effect is influenced by the national fitness policy and sudden public health emergencies,and the health return effect has roughly gone through five stages:“small increase—small decrease—rapid recovery—rapid decline—slow recovery”.The research reveal the complexity and multidimensionality of the health benefits of physical exercise for the elderly,emphasizing the important role of continuous physical exercise in healthy aging.

关 键 词：老年人 体育锻炼 健康回报 社会变迁 HAPC 

分 类 号：G804.26[文化科学—运动人体科学]