咖啡因联合碳水化合物补充对男子网球运动员专项体能的影响  

Effects of Caffeine Combined with Carbohydrate Supplementation on Specific Physical Fitness in Male Tennis Players

作　　者：刘军[1] 王志敏 邹琪 余今红 汪琦 于志梅 LIU Jun;WANG Zhimin;ZOU Qi;YU Jinhong;WANG Qi;YU Zhimei(School of Sports and Health Science,Xi'an Physical Education University,Xi'an 710068,China;Graduate Department,Xi'an Physical Education University,Xi'an 710068,China;Department of Health Management,Inner Mongolia Preschool Education College for the Nationalities,Erdos 017000,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]西安体育学院运动与健康科学学院,西安710068 [2]西安体育学院研究生部,西安710068 [3]内蒙古民族幼儿师范高等专科学校健康管理系,内蒙古鄂尔多斯017000

出　　处：《西安体育学院学报》2024年第5期686-696,共11页Journal of Xi'an Physical Education University

基　　金：陕西省体育局科研项目(2023169);西安体育学院研究生部2022年科研创新项目(2022033)。

摘　　要：目的探讨咖啡因联合碳水化合物补充对于优秀网球运动员专项体能的影响。方法对12名青年男子网球二级运动员进行握力测试、T测试、重复冲刺能力(repetitive-sprint ability,RSA)测试和网球递增变向击球测试(hit and turn tennis test,H&TTT)等网球专项体能测试。采用安慰剂对照、双盲、随机交叉设计,每位受试者分别在服用安慰剂(PLA)、碳水化合物(CHO)、咖啡因(CAF)或咖啡因+碳水化合物(CAF+CHO)的条件下进行4次测试,每次测试间隔1周。采用配对样本t检验分析服用CAF前后的安静心率(HR)和血压(BP),采用单因素方差分析对摄入CAF+CHO后的网球专项体能指标测试成绩以及运动期间的HR与摄入PLA、CHO、CAF后进行比较,采用双因素重复测量方差分析对运动期间的血乳酸(Bla)、葡萄糖(Glu)变化情况进行比较。结果(1)服用CAF及CAF联合CHO后的收缩压显著升高(P<0.05)。(2)在握力测试中,相比PLA和CHO组,CAF和CAF+CHO组的惯用手和非惯用手握力均有显著升高(P<0.01,P<0.05);T测试中,相比PLA和CHO组,CAF和CAF+CHO组T测试时间均显著缩短(P<0.05);RSA测试中,相比PLA组,CHO和CAF+CHO组每次冲刺平均时间显著缩短(P<0.05),但CAF和CAF+CHO对于RSA测试衰减率有显著降低作用(P<0.01);H&TTT测试中,CAF组相比PLA组、CHO组,挥拍总次数显著升高(P<0.01,P<0.05),CAF+CHO组相比其余3组,冲刺完成的级数、挥拍总次数均显著升高(P<0.01)。(3)服用CHO、CAF或CAF+CHO后,在RSA测试中最大心率和平均心率相比PLA组均显著升高(P<0.05),并且CAF和CAF+CHO组最大心率和平均心率明显高于CHO组(P<0.01);H&TTT测试中,相比PLA组和CHO组,CAF+CHO组最大心率和平均心率均显著升高(P<0.01),并且CAF+CHO组相比CAF组平均心率显著升高(P<0.01),CAF组仅相比PLA组平均心率显著升高(P<0.05)。(4)RSA测试前,CHO组、CAF+CHO组血糖值明显高于PLA组(P<0.01,P<0.05),各组之间血乳酸值无显著差异,RSA测试后,CHO组�Objective To explore the effect of caffeine combined with carbohydrate supplementation on the special physical quality of excellent tennis players.Methods The grip strength test,T test,repetitive-sprint ability(RSA)test,hit and turn tennis test(H&TTT)and other tennis special physical fitness tests were conducted on 12 young mens tennis secondary athletes.A placebo-controlled,double-blind,randomized crossover design was used.Each participant was tested four times under the condition of taking placebo(PLA),carbohydrate(CHO),caffeine(CAF)or caffeine+carbohydrate(CAF+CHO),with an interval of one week.Paired sample t test was used to analyze the resting heart rate(HR)and blood pressure(BP)before and after taking CAF.One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the results of tennis special physical fitness test after taking CAF+CHO and HR during exercise with PLA,CHO and CAF.Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare the changes of Bla and Glu during exercise.Results(1)Systolic blood pressure increased significantly after CAF and CAF combined with CHO(P<0.05).(2)In the grip strength test,compared with PLA and CHO groups,the grip strength of habitual and non-habitual hands in CAF and CAF+CHO groups were significantly increased(P<0.01,P<0.05);in the T test,compared with PLA and CHO groups,the T test time of CAF and CAF+CHO groups was significantly shortened(P<0.05).In RSA test,compared with PLA,the average time of each sprint in CHO group and CAF+CHO group was significantly shortened(P<0.05),but CAF and CAF+CHO significantly reduced the attenuation rate of RSA test(P<0.01).In the H&TTT test,compared with PLA group and CHO group,the total number of swings in CAF group was significantly increased(P<0.01,P<0.05).Compared with the other three groups,the number of sprint finishes and the total number of swings in CAF+CHO group were significantly increased(P<0.01).(3)After taking CHO,CAF or CAF+CHO,the maximum heart rate and average heart rate in RSA test were significantly higher than those in PLA

关 键 词：咖啡因 碳水化合物 网球运动员 T测试 RSA H&TTT 

分 类 号：G845.804.21[文化科学—体育训练]