三峡大坝下游突发水污染事故水量应急调度模拟研究  

Emergency dispatch simulation for sudden water pollution accident in downstream reach of the Three Gorges Reservoir

作　　者：荆平飞 张丹 吴碧琼 刘晓阳 袁玉 田锐 纪国良 JING Pingfei;ZHANG Dan;WU Biqiong;LIU Xiaoyang;YUAN Yu;TIAN Rui;JI Guoliang(China Yangtze Power Co.,Ltd.,Yichang443133,Hubei,China;Changjiang Survey,Planning,Design and Research Co.,Ltd,Wuhan430010,Hubei,China;China Three Gorges Corporation,Yichang443100,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]中国长江电力股份有限公司,湖北宜昌443133 [2]长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司,湖北武汉430010 [3]中国长江三峡集团有限公司,湖北宜昌443100

出　　处：《水利水电技术(中英文)》2024年第12期128-147,共20页Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“水工程多目标融合智能协同调控技术及示范”(2021YFC3200305);中国长江三峡集团有限公司科研资助项目(SXSN/4845);中国长江电力股份有限公司项目(242102024)。

摘　　要：【目的】三峡坝下游河段潜在水污染风险源众多,一旦发生突发水污染事故,将严重威胁长江沿岸供水安全。三峡水库具有对突发污染事故应急调度的潜力,但其开展突发水污染事故应急调度仍存在诸多挑战。为明确三峡水库应急调度与常态调度的协调性策略,【方法】首先采用HEC-RAS软件建模分析重金属污染团迁移变化规律,接着研究了三峡水库应急调度持续时间、介入时间等对应急调度效果的影响,最后结合以上计算分析结果,在对常态调度约束归纳的基础上提出了针对不同调度期三峡水库开展突发水污染事故应急调度的水量调度策略。【结果】水污染模拟结果显示:当宜昌河段发生20 t六价铬水污染事故时,坝下游宜昌至汉口河段污染物超标历时丰水期20000~30000 m^(3)/s时为2~3 d,枯水期6000 m^(3)/s时约为4 d;开展应急调度时,三峡水库加泄流量可缩短各取水口污染物超标历时1~4 h,且持续时间越长,效果越好;应急调度介入时间提前5 h会使得污染团达到取水口的时间提前1~2 h;但不论是应急调度介入时间还是持续时间均对污染物浓度影响不大。【结论】结果表明:水库增泄调度无法降低污染河段污染物浓度峰值,但可以缩短取水口受污染影响历时和超标历时;相应的减泄调度可以控制污染物扩散范围、延缓污染团传播速度,为就地处置创造条件。结合以上计算分析结果,在考虑常态调度约束的基础上提出了三峡水库开展应急调度的策略:主汛期可适当减泄,汛前集中消落期可适当增泄,蓄水期和供水期(1—3月除外)可适当减泄,也可适当增泄。研究成果对长江中下游干流突发水污染事故时三峡水库应急调度具有借鉴与指导意义。[Objective]There are many potential water pollution sources in downstream reach of the Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR)that pose a serious threat to the water supply security if a sudden water pollution accident occurred.The TGR has the capacity to carry out emergency dispatch for sudden water pollution accidents,but there are still many challenges for it.In order to clarify the coordination strategy between emergency dispatch and normal dispatch of the TGR,[Methods]firstly,HEC-RAS software was used to model and analyze the migration rule of heavy metal pollution clouds.Then,the effects of emergency dispatch duration and intervention time of the TGR were investigated.Finally,based on the normal dispatch constraint generalization and above computational and analytical result,the emergency dispatch strategy of the TGR was proposed for different dispatch periods.[Results]Water pollution simulation result showed that:when 20 t hexavalent chromium leak into Yichang River section,the pollutant exceedance time of Yichang to Hankou River section will be 2~3 d at a discharge of 20000~30000 m^(3)/s,and 4 d at a discharge of 6000 m^(3)/s.TGR′s emergency dispatch of adding the discharge can shorten the pollutant exceedance time of each intake by 1~4 h,the longer the dispatch duration,the better the effect.A 5-hour advance in emergency dispatch intervention time would result in 1~2 h advance in the arrival of the pollution cloud at the water intake.However,both emergency dispatch intervention time and duration have little effect on pollutant concentration.[Results]showed that TGR′s emergency dispatch of adding the discharge can not reduce the pollution concentration,but it can shorten the pollutant exceedance time.[Conclusion]Accordingly,the emergency dispatch of reducing the discharge can control the pollution diffusion range,slow down the propagation speed of the pollution clouds,and create conditions for in-situ disposal.Combined with the above calculation and analysis result,the strategy for emergency dispatch of TGR is pr

关 键 词：三峡水库 突发水污染事故 应急调度 HEC-RAS 重金属污染 水环境 风险源 数值模拟 

分 类 号：TV124[水利工程—水文学及水资源]