库尔勒香梨与翠冠杂交后代若干果实性状遗传规律初探  

Preliminary Study on the Genetic Patterns of Several Fruit Traits in the Hybridized Offspring of Korla Pear and Cuiguan Pear

作　　者：薛大虎 程嘉宝 张银军 宋玟萱 何天明[1] 张峰 XUE Dahu;CHENG Jiabao;ZHANG Yinjun;SONG Wenxuan;HE Tianming;ZHANG Feng(College of Horticulture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830052,China;kuerle Research Center of Fragrant Pear,Kuerle,Xinjiang 841000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学园艺学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]库尔勒市香梨研究中心,新疆库尔勒841000

出　　处：《天津农业科学》2024年第11期8-13,共6页Tianjin Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区香梨产业技术体系项目(XJLGCYJSTX05-2024);新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项计划项目(2023A02008-3)。

摘　　要：为了总结F1代群体的性状表现,从遗传学角度提炼其规律,为日后进行梨杂交育种工作提供参考依据,本研究利用库尔勒香梨×翠冠及其杂交后代为材料,连续2年对该杂交组合31株F_(1)单株成熟期果实的部分性状(单果质量、果形指数、心果比、可溶性固形物、去皮硬度)进行观察、测量、分析,并对其中20株进行了物候期记录。结果表明:杂交后代单果质量的平均值高于亲中值,并且有74.19%单株平均单果质量超过了亲中值,父本翠冠大果特性相对更容易遗传给后代;可溶性固性物含量、去皮硬度、果形指数的平均值均小于亲中值,有减小趋势;心果比后代平均值略低于亲中值,83.87%单株平均心果比集中在两亲本心果比之间,表现出了较为明显的趋中遗传趋势;组合传递力除单果质量为115.93%之外,其余性状均未超过100%,超亲优势率均为负值,两亲本的性状在传递给杂交后代时有所退化;果实发育天数数据离散程度较低,后代平均值略低于亲中值,后代总体更倾向于早熟。综上,父本翠冠大果特性相对更容易遗传给后代;可溶性固形物含量、去皮硬度、果形指数有减小趋势;心果比表现出了较为明显的趋中遗传趋势;后代总体更倾向于早熟。该杂交组合后代综合了大果形、低硬度、小果心、早成熟、果形趋圆等优点,克服了亲本部分缺点,选配较为科学合理,具有一定的选育优种的潜力。In order to summarize the traits of the F1 generation population,refine its laws from the perspective of genetics,and provide reference for future pear hybrid breeding work,this study used Korla Fragrant Pear×Cuiguan and their hybrid offspring as materials.Through the observation,measurement and analysis of some traits(single fruit weight,fruit shape index,heart fruit ratio,soluble solids,peel hardness)of the mature fruit of 31 F_(1) plants of the hybrid combination for two consecutive years,20 of them were recorded in the phenological period.The results showed that the average single fruit weight of hybrid offspring was higher than the mid-parent value,and 74.19% of the average single fruit weight per plant exceeded the mid-parent value.The large fruit characteristics of the male parent Cuiguan were relatively easier to be inherited to the offspring.The average values of soluble solids content,peel hardness and fruit shape index were less than the median value,and there was a decreasing trend.The average fruit ratio of the offspring was slightly lower than the mid-parent value,and 83.87% of the average fruit ratio of the single plant was concentrated between the two parental fruit ratios,showing a more obvious genetic trend of the center.Except that the single fruit weight was 115.93%,the other traits did not exceed 100%,and the heterosis rate was negative.The traits of the two parents were degraded when they were transmitted to the hybrid offspring.The dispersion degree of fruit development days data was low,the average value of offspring was slightly lower than the mid-parent value,and the offspring were generally more inclined to be early maturity.In summary,the big fruit trait of the male parent Cuiguan is relatively easier to inherit to future generations;soluble solids content,peel hardness,fruit shape index have a decreasing trend;the heart-fruit ratio show a more obvious genetic trend towards the middle;the offspring are generally more inclined to early maturity.The offspring of the hybrid combination c

关 键 词：梨 杂交后代 果实性状 遗传规律 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]