从进化和解剖学结构探究人体合理站姿  

Human Rational Posture from Evolution and Anatomical Structure

作　　者：曹晓云 文立 CAO Xiaoyun;WEN Li(Graduate Department,Nanjing Sport Institute,Nanjing 210014,China;College of Sports and Human Sciences,Nanjing Sport Institute,Nanjig 210014,China)

机构地区：[1]南京体育学院研究生部,江苏南京210014 [2]南京体育学院运动人体科学学院,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《南京体育学院学报》2024年第11期59-63,共5页Journal of Nanjing Sports Institute

摘　　要：合理站姿不仅可以减轻人们脊椎的负担和压力、预防脊柱侧弯和腰椎间盘突出等脊柱系列疾病、还可以维持人体的形态,这对人体脊柱健康具有重要意义。目前关于人体站姿的研究有很多理论,其中也从不同的角度进行了阐述,但学术界对于合理站姿仍有较多的争论,原因是对其判定依据不同。有人认为合理站姿是骨盆处于中等位置,有轻微的腰椎前凸、轻微的胸椎后凸、头部处在平衡位置。也有人认为合理站姿是头部线从外耳道开始(或在颞骨乳突处),垂直穿过肩峰、腰椎椎体、肩胛角、稍微向后到髋关节轴、膝关节轴的前面,并在外踝或外踝稍前方结束,这条线与连接重心和支撑区域中心点的基线重叠。但是这些判定都缺乏依据。因此,研究将根据人体的进化规律和解剖学结构去寻找合理站姿的依据,从而形成一种新的判定标准,并依此总结出合理站姿的几个参数,为人体合理站姿提供依据。Reasonable standing posture can not only reduce the burden and pressure on people’s spine,prevent spinal diseases such as scoliosis and disc herniation,but also maintain the shape of the human body,which is of great significance to the health of the human spine.At present,there are many theories about human standing posture,which are also elaborated from different angles,but there are still many arguments about reasonable standing posture in the academic circle,because of the different judgment basis.Some people think that the proper posture is the pelvis in a medium position,with a slight lumbar lordosis,a slight thoracic kyphosis,and the head in a balanced position.It has also been suggested that the proper stance is a line of the head that begins in the external auditory canal(or at the mastoid of the temporal bone),passes vertically across the acromion,lumbar vertebra,shoulder headland,slightly backward in front of the hip axis,knee axis,and ends slightly in front of the lateral ankle or lateral ankle,overlapping with the baseline connecting the center of the center of the center of the center of the supporting area.But there is no basis for these judgments.Therefore,this paper will look for the basis of reasonable posture from the evolutionary law and anatomical structure of the human body,so as to form a new criterion,and then summarize several parameters of reasonable posture to provide a basis for reasonable posture of the human body.

关 键 词：进化 解剖学结构 合理站姿 

分 类 号：G804.21[文化科学—运动人体科学]