控释掺混肥对冬小麦产量·氮素吸收及施肥经济效益的影响  

Effects of Controlled-release Blended Fertilizer on Yield,Nitrogen Absorption and Economic Benefits of Winter Wheat

作　　者：李子双 李洪杰 杜梦扬 周晓琳 高玮 王玉霞 董艳芳 陈延华[2,4] 王薇 张煜 王富建 曹兵 LI Zi-shuang;LI Hong-jie;DU Meng-yang(Dezhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Dezhou,Shandong 253015)

机构地区：[1]德州市农业科学研究院,山东德州253015 [2]北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,北京100097 [3]聊城市生态环境局,山东聊城252004 [4]北京市缓控释肥料工程技术研究中心,北京100097

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2025年第1期152-157,共6页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划(2023CXGC010703);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程(CXGC2023A17);北京市农林科学院创新能力建设专项(KJCX20230304);北京市农林科学院创新平台建设(PT2024-47);国家重点研发计划(2022YFD-170060504)。

摘　　要：为了实现化肥减施增效和冬小麦生产的轻简化,于2020—2022年在德州市现代农业科技园进行连续2年控释掺混肥试验,共设置5个处理:不施氮肥(T_(0))、习惯施氮(底肥∶追肥=1∶1,T_(1))、优化施氮(底肥∶追肥=1∶1,T_(2))、一次性底施50%控释氮+50%尿素掺混肥料(T_(3))、一次性底施70%控释氮+30%尿素的掺混肥料(T_(4)),分析了不同处理对冬小麦产量、氮肥利用效率和经济效益的影响。结果表明,冬小麦氮素累积量随生育期延长而增加。与习惯施氮(T_(1)处理)相比,控释掺混肥(T_(3)和T_(4)处理)在各个生育期的冬小麦含氮量和吸氮量差异不显著,产量分别增加4.1%、-5.4%(2021年)和5.9%、-1.0%(2022年)。与T_(1)处理相比,T_(3)和T_(4)处理冬小麦氮肥利用率分别提高了7.3%~27.1%和-8.6%~30.3%,氮肥农学利用率分别提高了26.9%~34.8%和10.9%~17.6%,氮肥偏生产力分别提高了24.9%~27.1%和13.6%~18.8%。控释掺混肥(T_(3)和T_(4)处理)较习惯施氮(T_(1)处理)的净收益分别增加4.5%~7.0%(2021年)和0.4%~8.5%(2022年)。冬小麦产量与有效穗数、千粒重、吸氮量、氮肥偏生产力、氮肥利用率呈显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)正相关。综合产量、产值及净收益考虑,一次性底施50%控释氮+50%尿素掺混肥料处理可作为适宜推荐的简约施肥方式。In order to achieve chemical fertilizer rate reduction of application and increase efficiency,as well as the light simplification of winter wheat production,a 2-year continuous controlled release blended fertilizer experiment was conducted in the Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Park of Dezhou City from 2020 to 2022.Five treatments included:no nitrogen fertilizer application(T 0),conventional nitrogen application(base fertilizer∶topdressing=1∶1,T_(1)),optimized nitrogen application(base fertilizer∶topdressing=1∶1,T_(2)),single basal application of controlled-release blended fertilizer including 50%controlled release nitrogen(T_(3))and 70%controlled release nitrogen(T_(4)).The effects of different treatments on winter wheat yield,nitrogen utilization efficiency,and economic benefits were compared and analyzed.The results showed that the nitrogen accumulation of winter wheat increased with the extension of growth period.Compared with conventional nitrogen application(T_(1) treatment),there was no significant difference in nitrogen content and nitrogen uptake of winter wheat in different growth stages with controlled release blended fertilizers(T_(3) and T_(4) treatments),while the yield increased by 4.1%,-5.4%(2021)and 5.9%,-1.0%(2022),respectively.Compared with T_(1) treatment,T_(3) and T_(4) treatments increased nitrogen use efficiency(NUE)of winter wheat by 7.3%to 27.1%and-8.6%to 30.3%,respectively,nitrogen agronomic efficiency(NAE)increased by 26.9%to 34.8%and 10.9%to 17.6%,respectively,nitrogen partial productivity(NPP)increased by 24.9%to 27.1%and 13.6%to 18.8%,respectively(P>0.05).The net benefits of controlled release blended fertilizers(T_(3) and T_(4) treatment)increased by 4.5%-7.0%(2021)and 0.4%-8.5%(2022)compared to conventional nitrogen application(T_(1) treatment),respectively.There is a significant(P<0.05)or extremely significant(P<0.01)positive correlation between winter wheat yield and effective panicle number,thousand grain weight,nitrogen accumulation,nitrogen fertilizer partia

关 键 词：冬小麦 控释掺混肥 氮肥利用效率 产量 经济效益 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]