栎类阔叶混交林下种植天麻的林窗植物多样性研究  

Study on Plant Diversity in Forest Gaps Planted with Gastrodia Elata Bl in the Understory of Oak Broad-leaved Mixed Forest

作　　者：谢美琴 黄庆丰[2] XIE Mei-qin;HUANG Qing-feng(Anhui Forestry Survey and Planning Institute,Hefei 230000,China;Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230000,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽省林业调查规划院,安徽合肥230000 [2]安徽农业大学林学与园林学院林学系,安徽合肥230000

出　　处：《黑龙江生态工程职业学院学报》2025年第1期32-35,141,共5页Journal of Heilongjiang Vocational Institute of Ecological Engineering

摘　　要：以马宗岭林场栎类阔叶混交林下种植天麻的三种面积等级(0—55 m^(2)、55—10 m^(2)、>100 m^(2))林窗为研究对象,以距实验林窗10 m以外的不做任何处理的栎类阔叶混交林作为对照(CK),分析种植天麻的不同面积等级林窗内植物组成和植物多样性差异。结果显示:种植天麻的林窗草本层和灌木层植物种类和数量低于林下对照组,但林窗内促进了禾本科和菊科等喜光植物生长;草本层的R、H′、D、J_(sw)均随林窗面积的增加呈现先增大后减小的变化趋势,在55—100 m^(2)林窗处达到最大且R、H′、D均大于CK;对于灌木层,R、H′、D、J_(sw)在0—55 m^(2)林窗处最大且R、H′、J_(sw)均大于CK。栎类阔叶混交林的林下植物多样性保护过程中,林窗种植天麻以中小面积尺度最为合适。In this study,three area grades(0—55m^(2),55—100m^(2),>100m^(2))of Gastrodia elata Bl were planted under the oak broad-leaved mixed forest in Mazongling Forest Farm,and the untreated oak broad-leaved mixed forest 10 m away from the experimental forest gap was used as the control(CK)to analyze the differences in plant composition and plant diversity in the forest gaps of different area grades planted with Gastrodia elata Bl.The results showed that the species and number of plants in the herbaceous layer and shrub layer of Gastrodia elata Bl were lower than those in the understory control group,but the growth of light-loving plants such as Poaceae and Asteraceae were promoted in the forest gap.The R,H′,D and J_(sw)of the herbaceous layer increased first and then decreased with the increase of the forest gap area,reaching the maximum at 55—100 m^(2)forest gap,and R,H′and D were all greater than CK.For the shrub layer,R,H′,D,J_(sw)were the largest at 0—55 m^(2),and R,H′,J_(sw)and were all greater than CK.In the process of protecting the understory plant diversity of oak broad-leaved mixed forest,the small and medium-sized area scale is the most suitable for planting Gastrodia elata Bl in forest gaps.

关 键 词：栎类阔叶混交林 林窗 天麻 植物多样性 

分 类 号：S792.18[农业科学—林木遗传育种]