示踪标识物对水胶炸药性能的影响  

Effect of Tracer Markers on the Properties of Water-gel Explosives

作　　者：陈昌宇 王尹军 郭建[1] 杜明燃 宣天德 李韦伟 黄妍 CHEN Chang-yu;WANG Yin-jun;GUO Jian;DU Ming-ran;XUAN Tian-de;LI Wei-wei;HUANG Yan(School of Chemical and Blasting Engineering,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan Anhui 232001,China;BGRIMM Technology Group,Beijing 100160,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽理工大学化工与爆破学院,安徽淮南232001 [2]矿冶科技集团有限公司,北京100160

出　　处：《火炸药学报》2024年第12期1135-1143,I0004,共10页Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants

基　　金：安徽高校自然科学研究项目(No.KJ2021A0431);安徽省自然科学基金(No.1908085QA33);安徽理工大学引进人才基金(No.11881)。

摘　　要：为了研究示踪标识物与水胶炸药的化学相容性,在水胶炸药中分别添加质量分数分别为0、1%、3%、5%的示踪标识物(一种稀土元素氧化物的微米级颗粒),通过扫描电镜、测时仪法、铅柱压缩法和同步热分析技术,对水胶炸药的微观结构、爆炸性能以及热分解特性等进行研究,并用X射线荧光光谱仪对水胶炸药进行探测。结果表明,随着示踪标识物的质量分数由0增加到5%,水胶炸药的微观结构、爆速与猛度均未发生明显变化,热稳定性良好;爆速变化范围在1.0%左右,猛度变化在5.0%以内;TG曲线与DTG曲线基本一致,热分解过程没有明显变化;在转化率小于40%时,未添加示踪标识物的样品活化能小于添加了示踪标识物的其他3个样品,转化率由50%增加至70%,尤其当达到80%时,4个样品的活化能比较接近,说明添加示踪标识物对水胶炸药的热分解稳定性没有明显影响;在X光管电流为0.1 mA和电压为50 kV的激发条件下,添加质量分数0.05%示踪标识物的水胶炸药,示踪元素特征X射线的谱峰最明显,计数率达到597394 CPS,说明水胶炸药添加质量分数0.05%的示踪标识物可满足示踪安检要求。In order to study the chemical compatibility between the tracer markers and the water-gel explosives,the tracer markers(micron-sized particles of a rare earth element oxide)with 0,1%,3%and 5%mass fractions were added to the water-gel explosives.The microstructure,explosive properties and thermal decomposition characteristics of the water-gel explosives were studied by scanning electron microscope,chronometer method,lead column compression method and synchronous thermal analysis technology,and the water-gel explosives were detected by X-ray fluorescence spectrometer.The results show that,as the mass fraction of the tracer marker increases from 0 to 5%,the microstructure of water-gel explosives,detonation velocity and fierceness do not change significantly,and thermal stability is always good.The variation range of detonation velocity and fierceness is about 1.0%and less than 5.0%,respectively.Both TG and DTG curves are basically the same for the four samples,namely,there is no obvious change in the thermal decomposition process.When the conversion rate is less than 40%,the activation energy of the sample without tracer marker is smaller than that of the other three samples with tracer marker added.And the activation energy of the four samples is close to that of the other three samples when the conversion rate is increasing from 50%to 70%,especially when reaching 80%,which means that there is no obvious effect of tracer marker added on the stability of thermal decomposition of water-gel explosives.The peak of the X-ray spectrum is the most obvious under the excitation conditions of 0.1 mA and 50 kV for X-ray fluorescence spectrometer,and the water-gel explosives with a mass fraction of 0.05%tracer marker is added,which is of 597394 CPS for count rate.The results indicate that the addition of a tracer marker with a mass fraction of 0.05%to hydrocolloid explosives can meet the requirements of tracer security inspection.

关 键 词：物理化学 水胶炸药 乳化炸药 示踪标识物 爆速 猛度 热分析 特征X射线 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] O64[理学—物理化学]