共同富裕视域下农业机械化的城乡收入分配效应  

Rural-Urban Income Distribution Effects of Agricultural Mechanization from the Perspective of Common Prosperity

作　　者：马玉婷 叶初升[3,4] Ma Yuting;Ye Chusheng(College of Economics and Management,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China;College of Economics and Management,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China;Center for Economic Development Research,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China;School of Economics and Management,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学经济管理学院,210037 [2]南京农业大学经济管理学院博士后流动站,210095 [3]武汉大学经济发展研究中心,430072 [4]武汉大学经济与管理学院,430072

出　　处：《南开经济研究》2024年第11期195-211,共17页Nankai Economic Studies

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目“共同富裕目标下农民收入向上流动研究:测度、分解与政策机制设计”(72203094);国家社会科学基金重大项目“新发展阶段伟大实践与发展经济学理论创新研究”(21&ZD071)的资助。

摘　　要：持续提高农村居民收入,不断缩小城乡收入相对差距和绝对差距是实现共同富裕目标的关键。本文基于1997—2021年地区面板数据,以农作物耕种收综合机械化率作为农业机械化水平的度量指标,探究了农业机械化对城乡收入相对差距和绝对差距的影响及其作用机制。研究结果表明,第一,农业机械化能显著缩小城乡收入相对差距和绝对差距,经过内生性检验及其他稳健性检验后,该结论依然成立。第二,农业机械化缩小城乡收入差距的直接原因是农村居民收入的提高。进一步机制检验表明,农业机械化可以通过技术进步效应、劳动再配置效应、土地再配置效应提高农村居民收入、缩小城乡收入差距。第三,异质性分析表明,大中型农机和小型农机均有助于缩小城乡收入相对差距,不同的是,大中型农机会显著缩小城乡收入绝对差距,而小型农机则会放大城乡收入绝对差距;相比丘陵山区,平原地区的农业机械化更能缩小城乡相对差距和绝对差距。本文的政策启示是,继续实施并优化农机购置补贴政策,持续加大农机研发和创新力度,不断优化农机装备结构,加快推进丘陵山区农田宜机化改造,促进农机发展向全程全面高质高效的目标转型升级,以充分发挥农业机械化改善城乡收入分配的积极作用。Continuously raising the income of rural residents and constantly narrowing the relative and absolute gap between urban and rural incomes is the key to realizing the goal of common prosperity.Based on the regional panel data from 1997 to 2021,this paper explores the impact of agricultural mechanization on the relative and absolute gaps between rural and urban incomes and its mechanism of action,using the comprehensive mechanization rate of crop cultivation,planting and harvesting as a measure of the level of agricultural mechanization.The results show that,first,agricultural mechanization can significantly narrow the relative and absolute urban-rural income gap.The conclusion still holds after the endogeneity test and other robustness tests.Second,the direct cause of agricultural mechanization to nar-row the urban-rural income gap is the increase of rural residents’income.Further mechanism testing indicates that agricultural mechanization can raise rural incomes and narrow the ur-ban-rural income gap through technological progress,labor reallocation and land reallocation effects.Third,the heterogeneity analysis shows that both large and medium-sized and small agricultural machinery contribute to narrowing the relative urban-rural income gap.The difference is that large and medium-sized agricultural machinery significantly narrows the absolute urban-rural income gap,while small agricultural machinery amplifies the absolute urban-rural income gap;compared to hilly and mountainous areas,agricultural mechanization in plain areas is more capable of narrowing the relative and absolute urban-rural gap.The policy implication is to continue to implement and optimize the agricultural machinery purchase subsidy policy,continuously increase the R&D and innovation of agricultural machinery,constantly optimize the structure of agricultural machinery and equipment,accelerate the machine-suitable transformation of farmland in hilly and mountainous areas,and promote the transformation and upgrading of agricultural machinery dev

关 键 词：农业机械化 城乡收入差距 农村居民收入 共同富裕 

分 类 号：F32[经济管理—产业经济]