教育财政支出如何阻断贫困代际传递  

How Education Fiscal Expenditure Can Disrupt Intergenerational Transmission of Poverty

作　　者：李霞 文静 刘轶芳[2] Li Xia;Wen Jing;Liu Yifang(School of Economics and Management,Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology,Beijing 102617,China;School of Economics,Central University of Finance and Econom-ics,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]北京石油化工学院经济管理学院,102617 [2]中央财经大学经济学院,102206

出　　处：《南开经济研究》2024年第11期233-254,共22页Nankai Economic Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“教育阻断贫困代际传递的政策设计与评估研究”(18BJL123)的资助。

摘　　要：教育被公认为是解决贫困的关键因素,教育财政支出更是教育扶贫政策落地的重要保障,现有研究对于教育财政支出阻隔代际传递虽达成较为一致的结论,但其经济分析仍不多见。基于此,本文利用中国家庭追踪调查数据(CFPS),从相对贫困和财政内部使用结构角度出发,将教育财政支出区分为现金资助支出、非现金资助支出(包含教师经费支出和公用经费支出)两大类,分别利用数理模型和实证方法评估教育财政支出结构对相对贫困代际传递的影响。研究发现,教育财政支出对相对贫困代际传递具有明显的阻断作用,其中学生资助支出这一直接现金资助的效果更为显著。进一步,本文探究了学生资助支出的影响机制,检验结果表明现金资助支出在“扶志”和“扶智”方面都有明显作用,通过提高个体对未来的信心程度和受教育年限,可有效降低相对贫困代际传递概率。在“后扶贫时代”和教育财政支出有限的情况下,优化财政内部使用结构,适当增加对学生的现金资助支出,将有利于缓解相对贫困代际传递问题。Education is widely recognized as a key factor in addressing poverty,and educational finance is an important guarantee for the implementation of education poverty alleviation policies.While existing research has reached a relatively consistent conclusion regarding the intergenerational transmission of poverty through education finance,economic analysis on this matter is still relatively scarce.Therefore,this paper utilizes data from the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)to examine the impact of the structure of educational finance expenditure on the intergenerational transmission of relative poverty,from the perspectives of relative poverty and the internal structure of finance utilization.Educational finance expenditure is divided into two major categories:cash assistance expenditure and non-cash assistance expenditure(including teacher expenditure and public expenditure).Mathematical models and empirical methods are employed to evaluate the effects.The study finds that edu-cational finance expenditure has a significant inhibitory effect on the intergenerational trans-mission of relative poverty,with student assistance expenditure,as direct cash assistance,having a particularly significant effect.Furthermore,the paper explores the mechanism of student assistance expenditure,and the results indicate that cash assistance expenditure plays a significant role in"nurturing aspirations"and"nurturing intelligence",effectively reducing the probability of intergenerational transmission of relative poverty by increasing individuals'confidence in the future and their years of education.In the"post-poverty alleviation era"and under limited educational finance expenditure,optimizing the internal structure of finance utilization and appropriately increasing cash assistance expenditure for students will help alleviate the problem of intergenerational transmission of relative poverty.

关 键 词：教育财政支出 代际传递 相对贫困 学生资助支出 

分 类 号：F81[经济管理—财政学]