《论犹太人问题》对资本主义人权批判的三重维度及其当代价值  

The Three Dimensions of Criticism of Capitalist Human Rights in The Jewish Question and Its Contemporary Value

作　　者：盛立民 沈思圆 SHENG Limin;SHEN Siyuan(School of Philosophy,Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot 010021,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学哲学学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010021

出　　处：《内蒙古民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第1期38-46,共9页Journal of Inner Mongolia Minzu University:Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

摘　　要：《论犹太人问题》是马克思首次系统明确地阐述人权思想的著作,是其由理性主义人权观向历史唯物主义人权观转变的思想起点。马克思从现实性与社会性出发将人视为感性存在与类存在的结合体,超越了资本主义人权的抽象人性论基础;赋予人类解放以消灭私有财产的实际内涵,超越了资本主义人权的私有财产根基;将人的价值作为人类解放的追求目标,超越了资本主义人权金钱拜物教的价值追求。在新时代重新挖掘《论犹太人问题》中的人权思想价值有助于理性审视当代人权问题、丰富和发展新时代马克思人权思想以及推动构建具有中国特色的人权理论体系。The Jewish Question is the work in which Marx first systematically and explicitly elaborated his thoughts on human rights,marking the starting point of his transition from a rationalist view of human rights to a historical materialist perspective.Marx,starting from the reality and sociality of human existence,conceptualizes humans as a synthesis of sensuous and social beings,thereby transcending the abstract human nature foundation of capitalist human rights.He imbues the concept of human liberation with the practical content of eliminating private property,surpassing the foundation of capitalist human rights based on private ownership.Furthermore,he places human value as the ultimate goal of human liberation,surpassing the monetary fetishism inherent in capitalist human rights.In the new era,revisiting the human rights ideas in The Jewish Question offers a rational lens to examine contemporary human rights issues,enrich and develop Marx’s human rights thought in modern contexts,and contribute to the construction of a human rights theoretical system with Chinese characteristics.

关 键 词：资本主义人权 人性 私有财产 金钱拜物教 人类解放 

分 类 号：A811.2[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]