目标邻域恒星匹配的摆扫式融合定位  

Swinging-scan and fusion positioning for target neighborhood star matching

作　　者：全胜 姚凯男[1] 徐志强 陈宝刚[1] 王建立[1,2] 谷健 宋力夺 王显军 QUAN Sheng;YAO Kainan;XU Zhiqiang;CHEN Baogang;WANG Jianli;GU Jian;SONG Liduo;WANG Xianjun(Changchun Institute of Optics,Fine Mechanics and Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130033,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;63768 Unit of PIA,Xi'an 713800,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所,吉林长春130033 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国人民解放军63768部队,陕西西安713800

出　　处：《光学精密工程》2024年第21期3138-3146,共9页Optics and Precision Engineering

基　　金：吉林省科技发展计划重点研发项目(No.20210201020GX);中国科学院关键核心技术攻关项目(No.YZQT024);吉林省科技发展计划技术创新引导项目(No.20230401097YY)。

摘　　要：地球同步轨道碎片白天探测系统中,地基光学望远镜受温度及太阳位置变化的影响,存在轴系定位误差较大且不稳定的问题。此外,受视场较小的限制,望远镜无法采用天文定位技术计算出目标的精确位置,不利于空间碎片的高精度定位。针对上述问题,提出了一种邻域恒星匹配的摆扫式融合定位技术。在空间碎片邻域内增加观测两颗定标恒星,通过定标恒星的望远镜指向以及天文理论位置计算出该范围内的望远镜指向变化系数;最后,利用指向变化系数,通过空间碎片与定标恒星的空间位置匹配实现目标定位数据的修正。以500 mm口径同步轨道空间碎片全天时探测系统为平台,该技术实现了全天区范围内若干恒星的高精度定位,定位误差优于4″;对三颗北斗精密轨道目标开展了测角实验,方位、俯仰定位总误差分别为1.77″和1.63″。实验结果表明,本文提出的定位技术能够有效修正望远镜定位误差,满足全天时探测系统的定位精度需求。Ground-based optical telescopes used in daytime debris detection systems for Geostationary Earth Orbit(GEO)experience significant positioning errors due to thermal fluctuations and solar position variations.Furthermore,their limited field of view precludes the use of conventional astronomical positioning techniques for precise target localization.This study presents a novel swing-scan and fusion positioning methodology utilizing neighboring star matching to address these limitations.The proposed approach incor porates three key steps:first,observing two calibrated stars in proximity to the space debris;second,deriving telescope directional change coefficients by comparing telescope orientation with the stars′theoretical astronomical positions;and third,correcting target positioning errors through spatial position matching between the debris and calibrated stars.Implementation of this methodology on the 500 mm aperture GEO space debris all-day detection system,achieved high-precision positioning across the celestial sphere with positioning errors below 4″.Validation experiments conducted on two Beidou precision orbit targets demonstrated total positioning errors of 1.77″and 1.63″for azimuth and elevation,respectively.These results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed positioning technology in error correction and its suitability for all-day detection system requirements.

关 键 词：白天探测 地球同步轨道 空间碎片 邻域恒星匹配 高精度定位 

分 类 号：V441.7[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计] TN215[电子电信—物理电子学]