“双碳”战略下我国煤矸石的综合利用技术研究进展  

Research and Progress of Comprehensive Utilization Technologies of China's Coal Gangue in the Context of Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality

作　　者：何占伟 何帅 王贵帅 李世豪 陈广玉 高忙忙[1] 李会标 HE Zhanwei;HE Shuai;WANG Guishuai;LI Shihao;CHEN Guangyu;GAO Mangmang;LI Huibiao(School of Materials and New Energy,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,Ningxia,China;Pengyang Xinzhuo Energy Technology Development Co.,Ltd,Guyuan 756500,Ningxia,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学材料与新能源学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]彭阳县鑫卓能源科技发展有限公司,宁夏固原756500

出　　处：《矿产保护与利用》2024年第6期1-14,I0003,共15页Conservation and Utilization of Mineral Resources

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52404420);甘肃省青年科技基金项目(23JRRA817)。

摘　　要：在“双碳”战略背景下,我国持续推进产业和能源结构的升级,倡导绿色、环保和低碳发展。我国煤矸石的大量堆积,导致了严重的资源浪费,还可能引发一系列的环境问题。煤矸石的有效处理与资源化利用成为煤炭行业亟待解决的任务。系统综述了煤矸石在金属提取、材料制备、燃烧利用和生态修复等领域的研究进展。煤矸石可提取铝、铁及“三稀”等金属元素,但在提取过程中易产生大量的废酸和废渣,引起潜在的环境污染风险;煤矸石不仅可以制备混凝土和水泥等传统建筑材料,还能制备多孔陶瓷、沸石等高附加值新型材料;共燃技术的应用有助于提高煤矸石的热能利用效率,降低温室气体排放;作为土壤改良剂,煤矸石在生态修复中展现出良好前景,但需注意重金属离子可能引发的二次污染风险。基于当前煤矸石处理中的问题与挑战,探讨了煤矸石利用未来高质量发展的路径,建议通过多种利用方式相结合,推动煤矸石高效资源化利用,实现经济、环境与社会效益的协调发展。In the context of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality,China is continuously promoting the upgrading of industrial and energy structures,advocating for green,environmentally friendly,and low−carbon development.The massive accumulation of coal gangue in our country has led to serious waste of resources and may trigger a series of environmental issues.The effective treatment and resource utilization of coal gangue have become urgent tasks for the coal industry.This paper systematically reviews the research progress of coal gangue in the fields of metal extraction,material preparation,combustion utilization,and ecological restoration.Coal gangue can recover metal elements such as aluminum,iron,and the"three rare"elements,but the recovery process is prone to produce a large amount of waste acid and slag,posing potential environmental pollution risks.In addition,coal gangue can not only serve as traditional building materials such as concrete aggregate,brick,and cement raw materials but can also be used to prepare high−value−added new materials such as porous ceramics and zeolites.The application of co−combustion technology helps to improve the thermal energy utilization efficiency of coal gangue and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.As a soil conditioner,coal gangue shows promising prospects in ecological restoration,but attention should be paid to the risk of secondary pollution caused by heavy metal ions.Based on the current problems and challenges in the treatment of coal gangue,this review systematically explores the path of future high−quality development of coal gangue,and proposes the use of a variety of utilization methods combined with the strategy to achieve the resourceful utilization of coal gangue,which in turn promotes the coordinated development of the economy,environment and social benefits.

关 键 词：煤矸石 综合利用 金属提取 材料制备 燃烧利用 生态修复 

分 类 号：TD849.5[矿业工程—煤矿开采]