国内外铁路隧道防灾疏散救援设计技术体系对比  

Comparison of Disaster Prevention,Evacuation,and Rescue Design Technology Systems in Railway Tunnels:China Versus Other Countries

作　　者：霍建勋[1,2,3] 赵思光 林传年 王明年 HUO Jianxun;ZHAO Siguang;LIN Chuannian;WANG Mingnian(State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Geotechnics and Tunnelling,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,Sichuan,China;School of Civil Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,Sichuan,China;Technical Standards Institute of China Railway Economic and Planning Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学极端环境岩土和隧道工程智能建养全国重点实验室,四川成都610031 [2]西南交通大学土木工程学院,四川成都610031 [3]中国铁路经济规划研究院有限公司技术标准所,北京100038

出　　处：《隧道建设(中英文)》2024年第12期2442-2450,共9页Tunnel Construction

基　　金：国铁集团科技研究开发计划(N2022G023)。

摘　　要：为综合评估我国铁路隧道防灾疏散救援设计技术体系的安全性、可靠性、合理性,进一步提升我国铁路隧道防灾疏散救援设计技术水平,基于大量国内外标准和调研资料,从防灾疏散救援设计理念、技术体系、技术标准3个层面由浅及深地对国内外铁路隧道防灾疏散救援设计技术体系进行综合对比分析。分析发现:1)我国铁路隧道防灾疏散救援设计理念科学、先进,和国外基本相同。设计技术体系完善、科学,和国外基本相符。我国技术标准与国外具有很好的一致性,已发展至与发达国家相当的技术水平;同时,我国技术标准具有中国特色,与现阶段的铁路运营体制、隧道规模、管理模式相适应。2)经大量工程实践验证,我国目前形成的铁路隧道防灾疏散救援技术体系具有相当的安全性、可靠性和合理性。未来我国的铁路隧道防灾疏散救援设计技术体系可以从优化隧道内紧急救援站疏散设计、细化防灾疏散救援工程设计和完善应急预案等方面入手,进一步提升我国铁路隧道防灾疏散救援设计技术体系的安全性和应急处置能力。To comprehensively examine the safety,reliability,and rationality of disaster prevention,evacuation,and rescue design technology systems in China's railway tunnels and to further improve national disaster rescue performance,the authors compare China's railway tunnel disaster prevention and rescue design technology systems with those of other countries.This comparison is based on extensive standards,focusing on design concepts,technical systems,and technical specifications.The results indicate the following:(1)The design concepts of disaster prevention,evacuation,and rescue in China's railway tunnels are scientific,advanced,and largely consistent with international practices.China's design technology system is comprehensive and aligns well with international standards,reflecting a technical level comparable to that of developed countries.Additionally,China's technical standards incorporate unique characteristics tailored to its current railway operation framework,tunnel scale,and management model.(2)Verified by extensive engineering applications,China's established design technology system is highly safe,reliable,and rational.Recommendations to further improve the safety and emergency response capabilities of China's railway tunnel disaster prevention and rescue design technology systems include optimizing the evacuation design of emergency rescue stations within tunnels;refining the design of disaster prevention,evacuation,and rescue projects;and enhancing emergency response plans.

关 键 词：铁路隧道 防灾疏散救援系统 技术标准 设计方法 

分 类 号：U45[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]