出土文獻與《説文》“省聲”所揭示的上古音變現象初探  

A Preliminary Study of the Old Chinese Sound Changes Revealed by Unearthed Documents and Characters with Abbreviated Phonetic Components in the Shuowen Jiezi

作　　者：鄭樑 Zheng Liang

机构地区：[1]南京大學文學院,江蘇210023

出　　处：《出土文献综合研究集刊》2024年第2期226-244,共19页

基　　金：2022年度國家社科基金重大項目“出土文獻與商周至兩漢漢語上古音演變史研究”(22&ZD301)的階段性成果。

摘　　要：出土文獻資料與《説文》“省聲”合證可揭示一些古音來源及其上古音變現象,體現出語音的不同歷史層次。具體表現爲:(1)流音塞化現象;(2)清鼻流音聲母在上古有更早的源頭*hN-、*hl-、*hr-,在省聲字中兩分,分别讀入中古的曉母和透徹母;(3)部分清流音聲母發生擦化,變爲中古的書母字;(4)“曏”經歷*n->*h-音變,可以解釋省聲中*n-、*r-不分現象;(5)心母省聲字有鼻音及牙喉音聲母的來源;(6)諧魚盍兩部的“■”字本爲盍部字,省聲反映了韻尾脱落前的讀音;(7)幽部一等字“羔”讀入宵部;(8)侵部四等字“甜”讀入談部;(9)部分收-m韻尾的侵部省聲字轉入東部和蒸部。The unearthed documents and characters with abbreviated phonetic components in the Shuowen Jiezi can reveal some Old Chinese pronunciations and their sound changes,reflecting different historical strata.They manifest themselves as follows:1)The stopping of liquids;2)Voiceless nasal and liquid initials had their earlier origins in *hN-,*hl-,or *hr-,and among the characters with abbreviated phonetic components,they divided into the Middle Chinese initials Xiao(曉)and Tou/Che(透/徹)respectively;3)Part of the voiceless liquid initials were spirantized into the Middle Chinese initial Shu(書);4)The initial of Xiang(曏)went through the sound change *n->*h-,which can explain the merger of *n-and *r-;5)Characters with abbreviated phonetic components and the Middle Chinese initial Xin(心)had a source of nasals,velars and laryngeals;6)The character qu(㧁)conforming with both Yu(魚)and He(盍)rhyme groups originally belonged to He rhyme group,where the abbreviated phonetic component reflects the pronunciation before the coda’s dropping;7)The character gao(羔)with division-I final changed from the You(幽)rhyme group into the Xiao(宵)rhyme group;8)The character tian(甜)with division-IV final changed from the Qin(侵)rhyme group into the Tan(談)rhyme group;9)Part of the characters with abbreviated phonetic components having the coda *-m in the Qin rhyme group transferred to the Dong(東)and Zheng(蒸)rhyme groups.

关 键 词：說文解字 出土文獻 省聲字 音變現象 

分 类 号：H11[语言文字—汉语]