多测站联合初始轨道确定及不确定性估计方法  

Multi-station Joint Initial Orbit-determination and Uncertainty Estimation Method

作　　者：陶雪峰 赵帅龙 李智[2] TAO Xuefeng;ZHAO Shuailong;LI Zhi(Space Engineering University,Beijing 101400,China;Taiyuan Satellite Launch Centre,Taiyuan 034000,Shanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]航天工程大学,北京101400 [2]太原卫星发射中心,山西太原034000

出　　处：《上海航天(中英文)》2024年第6期23-30,共8页Aerospace Shanghai(Chinese&English)

基　　金：军队科研项目资助(O2022A09228)。

摘　　要：由于缺少距离信息的约束,短弧段单站测角数据的定轨结果存在很大的不确定性。针对极短弧条件下多测站联合定轨问题,提出了可直接利用多测站观测数据的联合定轨算法。该算法不要求联合测量的时间同步,对不同精度的测量数据可加权处理。同时,提出了相应的不确定性估计方法,使用无迹变换计算定轨协方差,能够对定轨结果进行概率描述,以双站光学测量为例开展了仿真实验。结果表明:在观测弧段不到轨道周期0.1%的情况下,双站联合定轨也可达到很高的定轨精度。其中,GEO、HEO卫星半长轴精度为千米量级,LEO卫星半长轴精度为百米量级。Due to the lack of range information constraints,the orbit-determination results of single-station goniometric data in short-arc segments have great uncertainties.A joint orbit-determination algorithm that can directly use the observation data from multiple stations is proposed for the problem of multi-station joint orbit-determination under extremely short-arc conditions.The algorithm does not require the time synchronisation of the joint measurements,and the measurement data with different accuracy can be weighted.At the same time,the corresponding uncertainty estimation method is proposed,and the unscented transformation(UT)is used to calculate the orbitdetermination covariance,by which the probability of the orbit-determination results can be described.Simulation experiments are carried out with two-station optical measurements as an example.The results show that the joint twostation orbit-determination can achieve high orbit-determination accuracy when the observation arc segment is less than 0.1%of the orbit period.The semi-long-axis accuracy of GEO and HEO satellites is in the order of kilometers,and that of LEO satellites is in the order of 100 meters.

关 键 词：初始轨道确定 联合观测 改进Laplace算法 最小二乘法 

分 类 号：V412.4[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]