制度传统与新质生产力发展路径:美国、德国与中国的比较研究  

Institutional Traditions and the Development Paths of New Quality Productive Forces:A Comparative Study of the United States,Germany,and China

作　　者：马莹 甄志宏 MA Ying;ZHEN Zhi-hong(International Development Cooperation Academy,Shanghai University of International Business and Economics,Shanghai 201620,China;Department of Sociology,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China)

机构地区：[1]上海对外经贸大学国际发展合作研究院,上海201620 [2]上海大学社会学院,上海200444

出　　处：《上海对外经贸大学学报》2025年第1期51-61,共11页Journal of Shanghai University of International Business and Economics

基　　金：上海市哲学社会科学青年项目“地方治理模式与上海产业互联网发展路径:基于经济社会学的分析”(项目编号:2020ESH005);上海市哲学社会科学一般项目“全球化进程受阻下的次区域生产网络构建与第三方市场合作”(项目编号:2021BGJ003)的共同资助。

摘　　要：技能的工具化是新质生产力的重要内容,数字技术与制造业结合的工业互联网产业是技能工具化的代表。以工业互联网为代表的新质生产力推动了全球价值链的第五次重构,其发展路径表现出鲜明的国别差异性,具有显著的制度烙印。面对生产力与生产关系间的新变革,制度传统从产业基础和治理模式两个维度,影响着一国推动新质生产力发展时的组织方式。美国以互联网和信息技术产业为基础,强调对全球生产链的重新整合,依托大公司治理传统,大型跨国公司成为推动新质生产力发展的重要组织者。德国以制造业和自动化为基础,强调对制造业的柔性化升级,依托行会制度,专业性产业行会成为新质生产力的重要推动者。中国以市场需求为导向,利用消费互联网的生态优势和世界工厂的制造业基础,借助“官场+市场”的治理模式,形成了中央、地方和企业三方互动的新质生产力发展模式。The instrumentalization of skills is an important element of the new quality productive forces,and the industrial Internet industry,which combines digital technology and manufacturing,is a representative of the instrumentalization of skills.The new quality productive forces represented by the industrial Internet has promoted the fi fth reconfi guration of the global value chain,and its development path shows distinct countryspecifi c diff erences and has a signifi cant institutional imprint.Institutional traditions infl uence the way a country organizes itself in promoting the development of new qualitative productive forces,both in terms of its industrial base and its mode of governance.Based on the Internet and information technology industry,the United States emphasizes the reintegration of the global production chain,and relying on the tradition of large corporate governance,large transnational corporations have become important organizers in promoting the development of new quality productivity.Based on manufacturing and automation,Germany emphasizes the fl exible upgrading of the manufacturing industry,and relying on the guild system,professional industrial guilds have become an important promoter of the new quality productivity.China is oriented by market demand,utilizes the ecological advantages of consumer Internet and the manufacturing base of the world factory,and forms a new quality productivity development mode of tripartite interaction among the central government,localities and enterprises with the help of the governance mode of“offi cialdom&market”.

关 键 词：新质生产力 工业互联网 技能工具化 制度传统 国家治理 

分 类 号：F424[经济管理—产业经济] C912[社会学]