新质生产力的形成机制与路径——基于历史唯物主义的阐释  

The Formation Mechanism and Path of New Quality Productive Forces——The Interpretation Based on Historical Materialism

作　　者：张存刚 韩鸿飞 Zhang Cungang;Han Hongfei(School of Economics,Lanzhou University of Finance and Economics,Lanzhou Gansu 730020,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州财经大学经济学院,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《河北经贸大学学报》2025年第1期10-20,共11页Journal of Hebei University of Economics and Business

摘　　要：新质生产力作为一种先进生产力质态,对其形成过程的考察必然要回到对生产力、生产关系等重要范畴的考察上。基于后两者外延上的交叉关系,从历史唯物主义视角出发,“人类无限增长的需要”与“有限的劳动时间和劳动能力”之间的矛盾作为一个更原初阶次的矛盾,成为生产力的物质技术属性、分工协作方式、所有关系各自的发展动力,并通过前两者间与后两者间的相互作用,以六条路径引起生产力的物质技术属性、分工协作方式的质变,形成新质生产力。新质生产力之“新”,体现为劳动者以质变的方式(复杂劳动)生产超额剩余价值的能力。应从社会主义市场经济体制、直接的激励性政策、所有制与分配方式三方面出发,切实激励新质生产力的直接培育者——科技人员、企业家、经济学家和政府人员,保障新质生产力的稳步发展。New quality productive forces represent an advanced state of productivity,and the examination of their formation process inevitably returns to the exploration of crucial categories such as productivity and relations of production.Given the intersectional relationship between the latter two in terms of their extensions,from the perspective of historical materialism,the contradiction be-tween"the infinitely growing needs of humanity"and"limited labor time and labor capacity"serves as a more primordial contra-diction.This contradiction is the driving force for the material-technical attributes of productivity,the mode of division of labor and collaboration,and the respective development of all relations.It triggers qualitative changes in the former two and the latter two via six paths,giving rise to new quality productive forces.The"newness"of new quality productive forces is manifested in the ability of laborers to generate excess surplus value in a qualitative manner(complex labor).It is necessary to commence from three aspects:the socialist market economic system,direct incentive policies,and ownership and distribution methods,effectively motivate the direct cultivators of new quality productive forces,including scientists and technicians,entrepreneurs,economists,and government personnel,so as to guarantee the steady development of new quality productive forces.

关 键 词：新质生产力 生产力与生产关系 人类需要 历史唯物主义 复杂劳动 

分 类 号：F042[经济管理—政治经济学]