塔吉克斯坦帕米尔地区铁铜多金属矿化体的发现及对古特提斯VMS型铜铅锌矿找矿勘查的启示  

Discovery of iron-copper polymetallic mineralization in the Pamir,Tajikistan and its implications for the exploration of VMS-type copper-lead-zinc deposits in the Paleo-Tethys domain

作　　者：张辉善 张晶[1] 洪俊[1] 葸得华 马中平[1] 孟广路[1] 罗彦军[1] 张海迪[1] 刘明义 吕鹏瑞 杨博[1] 曹积飞[1] ZHANG Huishan;ZHANG Jing;HONG Jun;XI Dehua;MA Zhongping;MENG Guanglu;LUO Yanjun;ZHANG Haidi;LIU Mingyi;LÜPengrui;YANG Bo;CAO Jifei(Orogenic Belt Geological Research Center/Xi’an Center of Geological Survey,China Geological Survey,Xi’an 710100,China;Institute of Geology,Chinese of Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China;Chengdu Center of Geological Survey,China Geological Survey,Chengdu 610081,China;Sichuan Natural Resources Investment Group Panxi Co.,Ltd.,Xichang 615000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局造山带地质研究中心/西安地质调查中心,陕西西安710100 [2]中国地质科学院地质研究所,北京100037 [3]中国地质调查局成都地质调查中心,四川成都610081 [4]四川省自然资源投资集团攀西有限责任公司,四川西昌615000

出　　处：《地学前缘》2025年第1期142-161,共20页Earth Science Frontiers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(92055314,U2244219);国际地球科学计划项目(IGCP-741);陕西省国际科技合作计划重点项目(2021KWZ-19);中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20230581)。

摘　　要：古特提斯阶段VMS矿床仅在中国三江等地区有出露,该类型矿床在特提斯带内其它位置是否发育?其成矿潜力如何?都是值得关注的重要科学和现实问题。塔吉克斯坦帕米尔地区位于青藏高原和伊朗高原之间,是特提斯域的重要组成部分。该地区因地质工作程度低,缺少系统的地质勘查和投入,还未实现重要的找矿突破。地球化学调查是研究铜铅锌等金属元素分布特征、快速定位和优选找矿远景区和靶区的有效技术方法。本文基于前期中国地质调查局和塔吉克斯坦地质调查局合作完成的帕米尔地区1∶100万和1∶25万地球化学调查数据研究基础之上,选择异常区开展1∶5万地球化学调查,并进行异常查证,对发现的矿化体进行成因分析,同时探讨区域成矿潜力。研究表明:(1)帕米尔托赫塔梅什地区主要异常元素组合为Fe、Cu、Pb、Zn、Ag、Sb、Au、As等,异常规模大,强度高,浓度分带明显,异常整体受地层和断裂构造控制明显,可划分为Z01号和Z02号两个找矿靶区,具有寻找块状硫化物铜铅锌和热液脉型金矿的潜力。(2)异常查证发现6条铁铜多金属矿化体,识别出3期成矿作用,第1期为主成矿期,二叠纪地层内形成VMS型铜铅锌矿化体(Z01号找矿靶区:Ⅰ号和Ⅱ号矿化体)。第2期为热液改造期,发生变形变质作用,形成顺层和切层产出的脉状铁铜矿化体(Ⅲ号、Ⅳ、Ⅴ号和Ⅵ矿化体),同时对已形成的VMS型铜铅锌化体进行改造。第3期为表生氧化期,经风化剥蚀对已形成的矿化体进行氧化,产生分带现象。推测Z02号找矿靶区仍然具有寻找VMS铜铅锌矿的潜力。(3)塔吉克斯坦帕米尔-中国甜水海地区具有良好的VMS铜铅锌矿的成矿潜力,预测找矿远景区9处。提出特提斯带内古特提斯阶段二叠纪地层内具有寻找VMS块状硫化物矿床的前景,是未来重要的找矿勘查方向。VMS deposits from thePaleo-Tethys stage are only exposed in the Sanjiang region of China.Whether this type of deposit exists in other parts of the Tethys or its metallogenic potential remains critical scientific and practical issues of interest.The Pamir region of Tajikistan,located between the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the Iranian Plateau,is an important component of the Tethys domain.The region remains underexplored due to limited geological work,a lack of systematic geological surveys and investments,and the absence of significant breakthroughs in mineral exploration to date.Geochemical surveys serve as an effective method for analyzing the distribution characteristics of metallic elements such as copper,lead,and zinc,while also enabling the rapid identification and prioritization of promising exploration areas and targets.Based on the geochemical survey data at scales of 1∶1000000 and 1∶250000 jointly conducted by the China Geological Survey and the Tajikistan Geological Survey,this study focused on 1∶50000 geochemical surveys in anomalous areas and conducting anomaly verification,followed by anomaly verification and genetic analysis of the discovered mineralized bodies,while also exploring the regional mineralization potential.The research findings are as follows:(1)The primary anomalous element associations in the Tokhtamesh area of the Pamirs include Fe,Cu,Pb,Zn,Ag,Sb,Au,and As.The anomalies are large in scale,high in intensity,and show distinct zonation in concentration,with anomalies clearly controlled by strata and fault structures.Two prospective exploration target zones,labeled Z01 and Z02,were identified.These zones show potential for discovering massive sulfide copper-lead-zinc deposits and hydrothermal vein-type gold deposits.(2)Anomaly verification revealed six iron-copper polymetallic mineralization bodies,with three phases of mineralization identified.The first phase is the main mineralization period,forming VMS-type copper-lead-zinc mineralization bodies within Permian strata(Z01 target z

关 键 词：古特提斯 铁铜多金属矿化体 地球化学调查 VMS型 塔吉克斯坦 

分 类 号：P632[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]