矿物增强生物光合作用理论与应用研究取得新突破  

Mineral-enhanced biological photosynthesis:New breakthroughs in theory and application

作　　者：鲁安怀[1] 杜逸飞 方谦 丁竑瑞[1] 李艳[1] LU Anhuai;DU Yifei;FANG Qian;DING Hongrui;LI Yan(Beijing Key Laboratory of Mineral Environmental Function,School of Earth and Space Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学地球与空间科学学院,矿物环境功能北京市重点实验室,北京100871 [2]中国地质大学(武汉)生物地质与环境地质国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《地学前缘》2025年第1期466-469,共4页Earth Science Frontiers

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划“973”项目(2007CB815600,2014CB846000);国家自然科学基金重点项目(41230103);重点国际(地区)合作与交流项目(41820104003)。

摘　　要：光合作用是决定农作物产量的首要关键因素,当前农作物的光合作用效率对日光能的利用率仅为2%左右,影响粮食蔬菜等作物产量。《地学前缘》面向世界科技前沿,面向经济主战场,跟踪我们系列科研成果近三十年。近年来,围绕矿物增强生物光合作用这一原创性国际前沿科研成果,及其在解决农业增产提质这一国际难题的突破性应用成果开展了连续报道。我们最近研究进一步证实植物叶绿体中锰簇物质(Mn4Ca O5)与地表矿物膜中水钠锰矿具有起源关系和成因联系,在光催化裂解水功能上具有异曲同工之处。矿物红外发射光谱特性能够影响水功能,促进光反应裂解水的作用。植物经典光合作用仅限于叶绿体中锰簇物质对可见光部分波段的吸收转化作用,叶绿体外的矿物非经典光合作用可拓展功能水对太阳光波谱利用范围,即通过改变灌溉水功能实现对太阳能利用效率的提升,开拓了提高植物光合作用效率的崭新途径。据此提出“矿物水光合作用”国际原创技术,田间试验农作物普遍增产达20%~50%,显著提升多种农作物产量和品质。这是自然界矿物通过影响水功能以促进生物光合作用的创新案例。Photosynthesis is the primary determinant of crop yield,with the current energy conversion efficiency of crop photosynthesis being only about 2%,which significantly limits the yield of grain and vegetable crops.Earth Science Frontiers is dedicated to advancing global scientific and technological frontiers and addressing primary economic concerns,having reported on a series of our scientific research findings over nearly three decades.Recently,Earth Science Frontiers has continuously been reporting on groundbreaking research on mineral-enhanced biological photosynthesis and its breakthrough applications in solving the international challenge of improving crop yield and quality in agriculture.Our latest studies have further confirmed that the manganese clusters(Mn4CaO5)in plant chloroplasts have an evolutionary and genetic relationship with birnessite in the mineral membrane on the surface of soils and rocks,and both exhibit similar functions in photocatalytic water splitting.The infrared emission spectra of minerals can affect the function of water and promote the function of photocatalytic water splitting.Classical plant photosynthesis is confined to the absorption and conversion of sunlight by manganese clusters in chloroplasts.In contrast,mineral-based non-classical photosynthesis outside of chloroplasts can expand the utilization range of the solar spectrum through functionalized water;that is,by altering the functionality of irrigation water,the efficiency of solar energy conversion can be improved.This has opened up a new way to improve the efficiency of plant photosynthesis.Based on this theory,we have proposed the innovative“mineral-water-photosynthesis”technology,which has achieved a 20%50%increase in crop yields in field trials,significantly enhancing the yield and quality of various crops.This represents a pioneering example of how natural minerals can influence water functionality to promote biological photosynthesis.

关 键 词：矿物非经典光合作用 矿物膜中锰簇 叶绿体中锰簇 灌溉功能水 光合作用效率 

分 类 号：P574[天文地球—矿物学] Q945.11[天文地球—地质学]