美国国家档案目录建设的历程分析与经验启示  

Process and Experience of the Construction of the National Archives Catalog in the United States

作　　者：加小双[1,2] 丰雨欣 JIA Xiaoshuang;FENG Yuxin(School of Information Resource Management in Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872;Archival Undertaking Development Research Center in Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学信息资源管理学院,北京100872 [2]中国人民大学档案事业发展研究中心,北京100872

出　　处：《山西档案》2025年第1期8-13,26,共7页Shanxi Archives

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“新《档案法》背景下档案开放体系构建研究”(21CTQ029)。

摘　　要：国家档案目录一般是指由国家档案主管机构构建的系统化国家级档案资源目录工具,用于描述、组织、分类和管理国家档案资源,支持档案信息的高效检索、共享和长期保存。采用案例研究法、网络调查法和内容分析法,基于多维信息来源,梳理并分析了美国国家档案目录的建设历程。研究发现,美国国家档案目录经历了手工目录、数据库和在线目录、网络平台三个发展阶段。在此基础上,总结出建设经验及对本土发展的启示,包括:注重顶层规划,分阶段持续建设;注重标准化与规范化,提升内容完整性与检索效率;强化技术应用,提升目录的开放性与互动性;平台化发展,打造综合性服务体系;强化社会化建设,扩大社会公众参与等。The national archives catalog generally refers to the systematic national archival resource catalog tool constructed by the national archives authority,which is used to describe,organize,classify and manage the national archival resources,and supports the efficient retrieval,sharing and long-term preservation of archival information.Based on multi-dimensional information sources,this paper uses the case study method,the network survey method and the content analysis method to sort out and analyze the construction process of the National Archives Catalog of the United States.The study found that the U.S.National Archives Catalog has gone through three stages of development:manual catalog,database and online catalog,and online platform.On this basis,this paper summarizes its enlightening construction experience and enlightenment for local development,including focusing on top-level planning and continuous construction in stages;paying attention to standardization and normalization,and improving content integrity and retrieval efficiency;strengthening the application of technology and enhancing the openness and interactivity of the catalog;platforming development to create a comprehensive service system;strengthening socialization and expanding public participation.

关 键 词：国家档案目录 美国国家档案馆 档案资源建设 

分 类 号：G270[文化科学—档案学]