盲天井中深孔掏槽爆破布孔优化及围岩损伤数值分析  

Borehole Layout Optimization and Numerical Analysis of Surrounding Rock Damage of Medium-deep Hole Cutting Blasting in Blind Shaft

作　　者：刘树新 庄宇 戴谦君 安帅 曹飞 LIU Shuxin;ZHUANG Yu;DAI Qianjun;AN Shuai;CAO Fei(School of Mining and Coal,Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology,Baotou 014010,China;Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mining Engineering,Baotou 014010,China;Sunite Jinxi Gold Mining Co.,Ltd.,Xilinguole 011200,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古科技大学矿业与煤炭学院,内蒙古包头014010 [2]内蒙古自治区矿业工程重点实验室,内蒙古包头014010 [3]苏尼特金曦黄金矿业有限责任公司,内蒙古锡林郭勒011200

出　　处：《金属矿山》2024年第12期44-51,共8页Metal Mine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:51264028);内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(编号:2021LHMS05017)。

摘　　要：盲天井掏槽爆破仅由下方切割巷道提供自由面,岩石夹制作用大,空孔参数的选取是改善自由面的关键,优化掏槽布孔参数是提高爆破效果的重要途径。通过空孔效应的计算模型和岩石的损伤分区理论优化布孔参数,基于优化后的掏槽布孔参数建立3种直眼掏槽方式的布孔模型,分析了损伤演化、应力分布和槽腔范围,并对最佳方案开展现场验证。结果表明:空孔布置在径向裂隙区域可使槽腔内岩石充分破坏,改进后的布孔参数计算公式考虑了空孔自由面效应的影响;四空孔桶形掏槽的爆破槽腔比三空孔菱形掏槽更为均匀,并且比五空孔桶形掏槽的能量浪费更少。基于四空孔桶形掏槽,通过试验得出250 mm为最佳空孔和辅助孔间距。对最佳布孔方案进行现场试验,爆破结果表明了优化的布孔参数可以取得良好爆破效果。本研究对于相关爆破工程设计具有指导价值。The cutting blasting of blind shaft is only provided by the lower cutting roadway,and the rock clip is large.The selection of empty hole parameters is the key to improve the free surface,and the optimization of cutting hole layout parameters is an important way to improve the blasting effect.The hole arrangement parameters are optimized by the calculation model of empty hole effect and the damage zoning theory of rock.Based on the optimized hole arrangement parameters,the hole arrangement models of three kinds of straight hole cutting methods are established.The damage evolution,stress distribution and cavity range are analyzed,and the best scheme is verified on site.The results show that the empty hole arrangement in the radial fracture area can make the rock in the groove cavity fully destroyed,and the improved calculation formula of the hole arrangement parameters considers the influence of the free surface effect of the empty hole.The blasting cavity of the four-hole barrel cut is more uniform than that of the three-hole diamond cut,and the energy waste is less than that of the five-hole barrel cut.Based on the four-hole barrel cut,250 mm is the best spacing between the empty hole and the auxiliary hole.The field test of the best hole arrangement scheme shows that the optimized hole arrangement parameters can achieve good blasting effect.This study has guiding value for related blasting engineering design.

关 键 词：掏槽爆破 盲天井 爆破参数优化 炮孔布置 数值模拟 

分 类 号：TD235.4[矿业工程—矿井建设]