乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物基电缆屏蔽料的开发与加工工艺优化  

Development and Processing Technology Optimizations of Cable Shielding Materials based on Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer

作　　者：赵洋[1] 郭甜 尚英强 丁一铭 ZHAO Yang;GUO Tian;SHANG Yingqiang;DING Yiming(State Grid Beijing Electric Power Company Cable Branch,Beijing 100020,China)

机构地区：[1]国网北京市电力公司电缆分公司,北京100020

出　　处：《塑料工业》2024年第12期131-137,共7页China Plastics Industry

基　　金：国家电网有限公司总部管理科技项目(5500-202211398A-2-0-ZN)。

摘　　要：乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)基电缆屏蔽料存在与铝质导线之间剥离强度不佳的问题,为改善剥离强度并兼具良好的导电性能,本文研究了不同配方对其性能的影响。醋酸乙烯酯(VA)质量分数(18%~40%)与MAH接枝PP(PP-MAH)质量分数(0%~5%)越高,EVA屏蔽料与铝之间的剥离强度越大。在导电性方面,加入25~40份导电炭黑使得EVA屏蔽料的导电性能增加,但拉伸强度先升高后下降;而加入2、3、4份碳纳米管(CNT)在提升导电性的同时,也使电缆屏蔽料的拉伸强度下降了约26%、32%、36%。热压温度和热压压力对剥离强度的影响也非常显著,热压温度和热压压力越高,剥离强度越大。通过实验优化,确定了复合材料的最佳配方为EVA分子内VA质量百分比为23%的EVA 100份、PP-MAH 3份、导电炭黑30份、CNT 2份。最佳的压制条件为热压温度120℃,热压压力10 MPa。基于该配方制备的EVA屏蔽料兼具良好的剥离性和导电性能,能够满足实际应用需求。该研究为电缆屏蔽材料的配方设计和工艺优化提供了参考,表明通过合理调控基料与助剂的质量比、优化加工参数,可显著提升材料的综合性能,满足剥离强度和导电性能等性能指标,具有重要的实际应用意义。There is a problem of poor peeling strength between the shielding material based on ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer(EVA)and the aluminum conductor.To improve peel strength while maintaining good conductive performances,the effects of various formulations on the material properties were investigated.Increasing the vinyl acetate(VA)mass fraction(18%-40%)and polypropylene grafted with maleic anhydride(PP-MAH)mass fraction(0%-5%)improve the peel strength between EVA and aluminum.For conductivity,adding 25-40 parts of conductive carbon black increases the conductivity of EVA shielding material,but tensile strength initially rises and then decreases.Adding 2,3,and 4 parts of carbon nanotubes(CNT)enhances conductivity but reduces tensile strength by approximately 26%,32%,and 36%,respectively.The effects of hot pressing temperature and pressure on peel strength are significant.Higher hot pressing temperatures and pressures yield greater peel strength.Through experimental optimization,the optimal formulation for the composite material has been determined as follows:100 parts of EVA with a VA mass percentage of 23%within the EVA molecule,3 parts of PP-MAH,30 parts of conductive carbon black,and 2 parts of CNT.Optimal pressing conditions are hot pressing temperature of 120℃and hot pressing pressure of 10 MPa.The EVA shielding material prepared with this formulation exhibits both satisfactory peel strength and conductivity,meeting practical application requirements.This research provides valuable references for the formulation design and process optimization of cable shielding materials.By properly adjusting the base material-to-additive ratio and optimizing processing parameters,comprehensive material performances could be significantly improved to meet the peel strength and conductivity standards,holding important practical application significance.

关 键 词：乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物 电缆屏蔽料 铝护套 剥离强度 加工工艺优化 

分 类 号：TQ323.4[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]