碳纳米管和炭黑改性聚氨酯性能的对比研究  

Comparative Study on the Properties of Carbon Nanotubes and Carbon Black Modified Polyurethane

作　　者：花蕾 HUA Lei(Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Civil and Environmental High Performance Functional Materials,Tongji Zhejiang College,Jiaxing 314051,China;Department of Civil Engineering,Tongji Zhejiang College,Jiaxing 314051,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学浙江学院嘉兴市土木与环境高性能功能材料重点实验室,浙江嘉兴314051 [2]同济大学浙江学院土木工程系,浙江嘉兴314051

出　　处：《塑料工业》2024年第12期145-153,共9页China Plastics Industry

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金(LGF21E030001);嘉兴市科技计划项目(2021AY10076)。

摘　　要：为了探讨碳纳米管(CNT)和炭黑(CB)在柔性电子材料中的应用价值,以此选择更适合商业和工业应用的导电填料,本研究采用溶液共混法制备了CNT/聚氨酯(TPU)、CB/TPU系列复合材料,并对其力学、电学、力敏以及热学性能进行了对比研究。研究结果表明,当CB质量分数为25%时,CNT质量分数为20%时,TPU基柔性复合材料达到了渗流阈值。CB和CNT均能明显提高TPU基柔性材料的杨氏模量,但当CB质量分数≥4%,杨氏模量开始降低。当CB质量分数≥8%、CNT质量分数≥10%后,柔性材料的断裂伸长率出现明显下降的趋势。在一定的应变条件下,CB/TPU复合材料的力敏性能优于CNT/TPU复合材料。CB和CNT掺入均能提高柔性复合材料的结晶温度,但过量CNT的掺入会导致结晶温度的降低。在导电填料质量分数相同的条件下,CB具有更低的市场价格以及工业应用前景,因此在TPU基柔性导电复合材料应用领域,更优先推荐CB作为导电填料。To explore the application values of carbon nanotubes(CNTs)and carbon black(CB)in the flexible electronic materials,and choose the appropriate conductive fillers with the more commercial and industrial applications,CNTs/polyurethane(TPU)and CB/TPU composite materials were prepared by the solution blending method.The mechanical,electrical,force-sensitive,and thermal properties of CNTs/TPU and CB/TPU composites were investigated comparatively.The results indicate that when the mass fraction of CB is 25%and the mass fraction of CNTs is 20%,the percolation thresholds of corresponding TPU flexible materials could be reached.CB and CNTs could significantly increase the Young modulus of TPU flexible materials.However,when the mass fraction of CB is greater than or equal to 4%,the Young modulus shows a decreasing trend.When the mass fraction of CB is greater than or equal to 8%,the mass fraction of CNTs is greater than or equal to 10%,the elongation at break of the composite materials shows a significant downward trend.At a certain extension amplitude,the force-sensitive performance of CB/TPU composite material is superior to that of CNTs/TPU composite material.The addition of CB and CNTs could increase the crystallization temperatures of TPU flexible composite materials.However,the excessive amount of CNTs could lead to a decrease of the crystallization temperature.With the same conductive filler mass fraction,CB has the lower market price and wider industrial application prospects.Therefore,in the application fields of TPU flexible conductive composite materials,CB is recommended as a conductive filler.

关 键 词：炭黑 碳纳米管 聚氨酯 电学性能 拉伸性能 力敏性能 

分 类 号：TQ323.8[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]