2Cr13马氏体不锈钢扫描激光-电弧复合焊接接头元素分布及组织性能研究  

Elemental Distribution,Microstructure,and Mechanical Properties of 2Cr13 Martensitic Stainless Steel Processed via Hybrid Oscillating Laser-Arc Welding

作　　者：郝康达 刘友情 徐连勇[1,2] 韩永典 赵雷[1,2] Hao Kangda;Liu Youqing;Xu Lianyong;Han Yongdian;Zhao Lei(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300350,China;Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Joining Technology,Tianjin 300350,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学材料科学与工程学院,天津300350 [2]天津市现代连接技术重点实验室,天津300350

出　　处：《天津大学学报(自然科学与工程技术版)》2025年第2期157-166,共10页Journal of Tianjin University:Science and Technology

基　　金：天津市自然科学基金资助项目(21JCQNJC00520).

摘　　要：2Cr13马氏体不锈钢力学性能优异、耐蚀性适中且价格低廉,具有较好的利润空间,一直以来是钢铁企业尝试发展的焦点.先前研究表明激光-电弧复合工艺有望通过焊丝材料的合理选择,借助合金化的作用实现2Cr13不锈钢的高质高效焊接,但存在合金元素分布不均的问题.为此,本文在2Cr13马氏体不锈钢激光-电弧复合焊接中引入激光束扫描,依靠其对熔池的强烈搅拌效应调控合金元素分布,改善熔池冶金行为,细化晶粒,从而增强焊缝韧性.本文着重探讨了激光束扫描频率对焊缝中合金元素分布特征、焊缝组织和力学性能的影响规律.结果表明,扫描激光束对熔池的高频搅拌效应加强了熔池对流,驱动Ni元素由电弧作用区域向激光作用区域转移,焊缝中Ni元素分布不均匀程度减弱.在扫描半径0.4 mm情况下优化的扫描频率为20 Hz,此时焊缝中激光作用区域Ni元素含量由不引入激光束扫描时的1.52%提高至2.03%,对应的奥氏体相含量由4.7%增加至10.1%.同时,激光束扫描行为降低了熔池温度梯度,有利于改善焊缝成形,热影响区粗晶区平均晶粒尺寸由4.92μm降为3.95μm,焊缝杯突测试中断裂位置由熔合线转向母材,且杯突值由4.82 mm提升至5.89 mm,提升幅度达22%.相关研究将对以后马氏体不锈钢焊接研究提供一定的理论指导,对扩大马氏体不锈钢的应用领域具有重要的推动作用.The development of 2Cr13 martensitic stainless steel has long been sought in the steel industry because of the excellent mechanical properties,moderate corrosion resistance,and affordable price of the steel,which provide high profit margins.Studies have shown that hybrid laser-arc welding holds promise for realizing high-quality and efficient welding of 2Cr13 stainless steel by rationally selecting welding wire materials and leveraging alloying effects.However,there is an issue of the uneven distribution of alloying elements in hybrid laser-arc welding.To solve this issue,an oscillating laser beam was used during the hybrid laser-arc welding of 2Cr13 martensitic stainless steel.The oscillating laser beam can regulate the distribution of alloying elements through its intense stirring effect,which improves the metallurgical behavior and refines grains,enhancing the toughness of the weld.Further,the influence of the oscillating frequency of laser beam on the distribution characteristics of alloying elements in the weld,as well as the weld microstructure and mechanical properties,were investigated.Results show that the high-frequency stirring effect of the oscillating laser beam on the molten pool enhanced convection in the molten flow,promoted the transfer of Ni from the arc zone to the laser zone,and reduced the nonuniform distribution of Ni in the weld.The optimized oscillating frequency was 20 Hz at an oscillating radius of 0.4 mm.For this frequency,the Ni content in the laser zone was increased from 1.52%when not using an oscillating laser beam to 2.03%when using an oscillating laser beam;the corresponding fraction of the austenitic phase was increased from 4.7%to 10.1%.In addition,the temperature gradient of the molten pool was reduced by the oscillating laser beam,which improved weld formation.The average size of the coarse grain area in the heat-affected zone was reduced from 4.92μm to 3.95μm,the fracture location was shifted from the fusion line to the base metal during a cupping test,and the cupping value

关 键 词：激光-电弧复合焊接 扫描激光 元素分布 马氏体不锈钢 微观组织 力学性能 

分 类 号：TG457.11[金属学及工艺—焊接]