台阶爆破预裂缝宽度对降振效果的影响规律  

Influence Law of the Width of Pre Cracks on Vibration Reduction in Bench Blasting

作　　者：张奇峰 马力 张建国 王晓民 马宁 ZHANG Qifeng;MA Li;ZHANG Jianguo;WANG Xiaomin;MA Ning(College of Energy Engineering,Xi'an University of Science and Technology,Shaanxi Xi’an,710054;China Coal Xi'an Design Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Shaanxi Xi’an,710054)

机构地区：[1]西安科技大学能源学院,陕西西安710054 [2]中煤西安设计工程有限责任公司,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《爆破器材》2025年第1期57-64,共8页Explosive Materials

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51604264)。

摘　　要：爆破振动是影响露天矿边坡稳定的重要因素之一。通常采用预裂爆破控制爆破振动效应,降低爆破振动对边坡稳定性的影响。预裂缝宽度是影响降振效果的关键指标。基于预裂缝降振原理,研究预裂缝宽度对优化预裂爆破设计、提高降振效果与保障矿山安全生产具有重要意义。为了研究预裂缝宽度对降振效果的影响规律,结合爆破地震波构成及传递理论,分析了预裂缝对爆破地震波的降振原理,利用数值模拟验证了预裂缝宽度对爆破地震波传递和衰减规律的影响。采用物理相似模拟与数值模拟实验,以质点的峰值振速为判据,针对不同预裂缝宽度时的降振效果进行了定量分析。结果表明:预裂缝宽度由2 cm增加到4 cm时,峰值振速衰减曲线下降趋势急剧,各测点监测的减振率显著增加;随后,预裂缝宽度继续增加到5 cm,峰值振速衰减曲线下降趋势变得平缓,减振率平均增幅为3.25%。随着测点与预裂缝距离的增加,振降效果也随之增加,但增幅会逐渐变得缓和,减振率总体呈现先急、后缓的趋势。Blasting vibration is one of the important factors affecting the stability of the slope of open-pit mines.Pre splitting blasting is usually used to control the blasting vibration,thereby reducing the impact of blasting vibration on the stability of the slope.The width of pre cracks is a key indicator affecting the vibration reduction.The study on the width of pre cracks is of great significance for optimizing pre crack blasting design,improving vibration reduction,and ensuring safe production in mines.In order to investigate the influence of the width of pre cracks on vibration reduction,principles of vibration reduction of pre cracks on blasting seismic waves were analyzed based on the the theory of wave generation and transmission.The influence of pre cracks on the transmission and attenuation law of blasting seismic waves was verified by numerical simulation.A quantitative analysis was conducted on the vibration reduction of the width of pre cracks using physical similarity simulation and numerical simulation experiments,with the peak velocity of particles as the criterion.The results indicate that when the width of pre cracks increases from 2 cm to 4 cm,the attenuation curve of the peak velocity decreases sharply,and the vibration reduction rate monitored at each measuring point increases significantly.Subsequently,as the width of pre cracks continues to increase to 5 cm,the decreasing trend of the attenuation curve of peak velocity becomes gentle,with an average increase in vibration reduction rate of 3.25%.As the distance between the measuring point and the pre crack increases,the vibration reduction rate also increases,but the increase gradually becomes gentle.The vibration reduction rate shows an overall trend of first increasing and then decreasing.

关 键 词：爆破 预裂缝 降振 相似模拟 数值模拟 

分 类 号：TD235.37[矿业工程—矿井建设]