面向处理器微架构设计空间探索的加速方法综述  

Acceleration Methods for Processor Microarchitecture Design Space Exploration:A Survey

作　　者：王铎 刘景磊 严明玉 滕亦涵 韩登科 叶笑春[1,2] 范东睿 Wang Duo;Liu Jinglei;Yan Mingyu;Teng Yihan;Han Dengke;Ye Xiaochun;Fan Dongrui(State Key Lab of Processors(Institute of Computing Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences),Beijing 100190;School of Computer Science and Technology,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049;China Mobile Communications Research Institute,Beijing 100053)

机构地区：[1]处理器芯片全国重点实验室(中国科学院计算技术研究所),北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学计算机科学与技术学院,北京100049 [3]中国移动研究院,北京100053

出　　处：《计算机研究与发展》2025年第1期22-57,共36页Journal of Computer Research and Development

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(62202451);中国科学院国际伙伴计划项目(171111KYSB20200002);中国科学院稳定支持基础研究领域青年团队计划项目(YSBR-029);中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(Y2021039);中科院计算所-中国移动研究院联合创新平台项目。

摘　　要：中央处理器是目前最重要的算力基础设施.为了最大化收益,架构师在设计处理器微架构时需要权衡性能、功耗、面积等多个目标.但处理器运行负载的指令多,单个微架构设计点的评估耗时从10 min到数十小时不等.加之微架构设计空间巨大,全设计空间暴力搜索难以实现.近些年来许多机器学习辅助的设计空间探索加速方法被提出,以减少需要探索的设计空间或加速设计点的评估,但缺少对加速方法的全面调研和系统分类的综述.对处理器微架构设计空间探索的加速方法进行系统总结及分类,包含软件设计空间的负载选择、负载指令的部分模拟、设计点选择、模拟工具、性能模型5类加速方法.对比了各加速方法内文献的异同,覆盖了从软件选择到硬件设计的完整探索流程.最后对该领域的前沿研究方向进行了总结,并放眼于未来的发展趋势.Central processing unit is the most important computing infrastructure nowadays.To maximize the profit,architects design the processor microarchitecture by trading-off multiple objectives including performance,power,and area.However,because of the tremendous instructions of workloads running on the processors,the evaluation of individual microarchitecture design point costs minutes to hours.Furthermore,the design space of the microar-chitecture is huge,which results that the exploration of comprehensive design space is unrealistic.Therefore,many machine-learning-assisted design space exploration acceleration methods are proposed to reduce the size of evaluated design space or accelerate the evaluation of a design point.However,a comprehensive survey summarizing and systematically classifying recent acceleration methods is missing.This survey paper systematically summarizes and classifies the five kinds of acceleration methods for the design space exploration of the processor microarchitecture,including the workload selection of software design space,the partial simulation of workload instructions,the design point selection,the simulation tools,and the performance models.This paper systematically compares the similarities and differences between papers in the acceleration methods,and covers the complete exploration process from the software workload selection to the hardware microarchitecture design.Finally,the research direction is summarized,and the future development trend is discussed.

关 键 词：处理器微架构设计 设计空间探索 性能模型 负载选择 软件模拟 

分 类 号：TP302[自动化与计算机技术—计算机系统结构]