生物炭与绿色木霉配施对黄瓜养分吸收和光合特性的影响研究  

Research on the effects of combined application of biochar and trichoderma viridis on nutrient absorption and photosynthetic characteristics in cucumbers

作　　者：未晓巍[1,2] 董佳伟 张菊 孙铭悦 张劭涵 孟津好 苏闰申 徐洪伟[1,2] WEI Xiao-wei;DONG Jia-wei;ZHANG Ju;SUN Ming-yue;ZHANG Shao-han;MENG Jin-hao;SU Run-shen;XU Hong-wei(Key Laboratory for Plant Resources Science and Green production,Jilin Normal University,Siping 136000,China;College of Life Science,Jilin Normal University,Siping 136000,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林师范大学吉林省植物资源科学与绿色生产重点实验室,吉林四平136000 [2]吉林师范大学生命科学学院,吉林四平136000

出　　处：《吉林师范大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第1期86-94,共9页Journal of Jilin Normal University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：吉林省科技发展计划项目(YDZJ202401456ZYTS,20190301059NY)。

摘　　要：黄瓜作为一种重要的设施蔬菜作物,在全球范围内广泛种植.设施黄瓜的种植受连作障碍的影响,使得黄瓜生长受到土壤养分、水分和日照条件的多重限制.生物炭是一种土壤改良剂,被认为是一种具有潜力的提高蔬菜作物产量的手段.然而,生物炭与木霉菌的联合施用对黄瓜植株光合特性及养分变化的具体影响尚不明确.因此,本文旨在通过考察植物对氮、磷等养分的吸收,叶片光合色素含量及气体交换参数,探讨生物炭与绿色木霉联合施用对黄瓜光合作用及养分吸收的影响.本文采用3种生物炭水平(C0、C50和C80)及2种绿色木霉施用量(T0和T1)进行温室实验.结果表明,与C0相比,C50T1处理显著提高了黄瓜植株的氮吸收(增加80.8%)和磷吸收(增加85.13%),C80T1也呈增加趋势,并显著增强了叶片光合特性,包括净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率以及叶绿素含量.研究还发现,光合速率与黄瓜植株的总氮磷积累量及光合特性呈显著相关关系.这些结果加深了对生物炭与绿色木霉联合施用对黄瓜植株光合作用和养分吸收影响的理解,对于设施蔬菜的农业管理具有重要指导意义.Cucumber is a vital greenhouse vegetable crop,extensively cultivated across the globe.However,its cultivation is often hindered by continuous cropping challenges,which impose multiple constraints on growth,particularly in terms of soil nutrients,water availability,and sunlight exposure.Biochar,a recognized soil amendment,holds potential for boosting vegetable crop yields.Yet,the specific effects of combining biochar with Trichoderma viridis on the photosynthetic properties and nutrient dynamics in cucumber plants remain insufficiently understood.This study aims to elucidate the influence of biochar and Trichoderma viridis co-application on cucumber photosynthesis and nutrient absorption.By assessing the plant uptake of key nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus,alongside leaf photosynthetic pigment content and gas exchange parameters,we sought to clarify these interactions.The research employed a greenhouse experiment with three biochar levels(C0,C50,and C80)and two Trichoderma viridis application rates(T0 and T1).The results revealed that the C50T1 treatment notably enhanced nitrogen uptake by 80.8%and phosphorus uptake by 85.13%,compared to the C0 control,with C80T1 showing a similar upward trend.Additionally,this treatment significantly improved leaf photosynthetic characteristics,including net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate,and chlorophyll content.Furthermore,a strong correlation was observed between the photosynthetic rate and the total accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in cucumber plants,as well as other photosynthetic traits.These findings provide deep insights into the synergistic effects of biochar and Trichoderma viridis on cucumber photosynthesis and nutrient absorption,and offer valuable guidance for optimizing the agricultural management of greenhouse vegetables.

关 键 词：生物炭 绿色木霉 光合特性 黄瓜 土壤养分 

分 类 号：Q943.1[生物学—植物学]