冻融期土壤理化性质及酶活性对秸秆还田的响应  

Effects of Straw Returning to Field on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Enzyme Activities During Freeze-thaw

作　　者：李富[1] 董道旭 郑大劲 李维刚[1] 葛宜元[1] LI Fu;DONG Daoxu;ZHENG Dajin;LIWeigang;GE Yiyuan(Jiamusi University Jiamusi,Heilongjiang 154007;The Technical centre,Jiamusi Ecological Environment Bureau Jiamusi,Heilongjiang 154004)

机构地区：[1]佳木斯大学,黑龙江佳木斯154007 [2]佳木斯市生态环境技术中心,黑龙江佳木斯154004

出　　处：《现代农业研究》2025年第2期1-13,共13页Modern Agriculture Research

基　　金：中央引导地方科技发展专项项目“反旋式秸秆还田装备研发及还田土壤监测平台构建”(项目编号:ZYYD2022JMS005);黑龙江省基本科研业务费项目“粮食安全视角下我省黑土地保护研究团队”(项目编号:2023-KYYWF-0642)。

摘　　要：为了能够进一步提高三江平原水稻秸秆腐解率和改善土壤理化性质。本研究采用室内冻融模拟试验,实验设定A(-10~10℃)和B(-20~20℃)两种冻融幅度,1(150%)、2(200%)两种土壤持水量,以及3(3 cm)、5(5 cm)和10(10 cm)三种秸秆长度。试验设定冻24小时后融24小时为一次冻融循环(Freeze-thaw cycle,FTC)过程,15 d取一次样,共设置6次取样(90 d)后常温培养(30 d),总时长为120 d的室内冻融模拟,在每次冻融结束后测定土壤理化性质及相关酶活性。试验结果显示,施加菌剂提升了秸秆腐解速率,秸秆配施菌剂还田显著降低冻融期三江平原土壤容重与0.5~1 mm粒径的团聚体数量,增加了土壤孔隙度,且在大幅度冻融循环表现最为明显。秸秆还田显著提高了土壤有机碳(TOC)、总磷(TP)、总钾(TK),但土壤全氮显著降低,不同冻融幅度差异不显著。秸秆还田配施菌剂显著提高了冻融期土壤淀粉酶、蔗糖酶和纤维素酶活性,而不同冻融幅度与冻融循环次数对土壤酶活性均产生影响,且随着冻融时长的增加而减弱。不同冻融幅度和不同的持水量对土壤淀粉酶活性影响显著,对土壤蔗糖酶活性影响不显著。秸秆还田配施菌剂对冻融期土壤理化性质具有显著影响,而对土壤酶活性的影响具有差异性。因此,秸秆还田配施菌剂对于三江平原冻融期土壤提升土壤肥力具有重要意义。In order to further improve the decomposition rate of rice straw and improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil in the Sanjiang Plain.This study used indoor freeze-thaw simulation experiments,with experiment setting A(-10~10℃)and B(-20~20℃)as two freeze-thaw amplitudes,1(150%)and 2(200%)as two soil moisture holding capacities,and 3(3 cm),5(5 cm),and 10(10 cm)as three straw lengths.The experiment set freezing for 24 hours followed by thawing for 24 hours as one freeze-thaw cycle process,sampling once every 15 days,with a total of 6 samplings taken(90 days)followed by room temperature incubation(30 days),for a total duration of 120 days of indoor freeze-thaw simulation.Soil physical and chemical properties and related enzyme activities were determined after each freeze-thaw cycle.The test results show that the application of microbial agents increased the rate of straw decomposition,straw application of microbial agents significantly reduced the soil bulk density and the number of aggregates of 0.5~1 mm particle size during the freezing-thawing period in the Sanjiang Plain,increased soil porosity,with the greatest effect observed in the large amplitude freeze-thaw cycles.Straw application significantly increased soil organic carbon(TOC),total phosphorus(TP),and total potassium(TK),but significantly decreased soil total nitrogen,with no significant differences observed among different freeze-thaw amplitudes.Straw application with microbial agents significantly increased the activities of soil amylase,sucrase,and cellulase during the freezing-thawing period,while different freeze-thaw amplitudes and the number of freeze-thaw cycles had an impact on soil enzyme activities,which decreased with the increase in freezing-thawing duration.Different freeze-thaw amplitudes and soil moisture holding capacities significantly affected soil amylase activity,but had no significant effect on soil sucrase activity.Straw application with microbial agents had a significant impact on the physical and chemical propert

关 键 词：低温菌剂 土壤理化性质 冻融期 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S156[农业科学—土壤学]