包容性海洋秩序观的构建研究:BBNJ协定视角  

A Study on Constructing a View of Inclusive Maritime Order:From the Perspective of the BBNJ Agreement

作　　者：严凌成 郭萍 YAN Lingcheng;GUO Ping(Sun Yat-sen University)

机构地区：[1]中山大学法学院 [2]南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海)海洋战略与法律创新团队 [3]中山大学涉外法治研究院

出　　处：《边界与海洋研究》2024年第6期20-44,共25页Journal of Boundary and Ocean Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“整体系统观下生物多样性保护的法律规制研究”(19ZDA162);南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海)“海洋生态环境与碳汇”重点项目子任务“海洋生态环境与碳汇的政策与法治保障”(SML2023SP222)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：包容性海洋秩序观超越了“以规则为基础的国际秩序观”,遵循了“以国际法为基础的国际秩序观”,其本质内涵可概括为“共商共建共享共进”四要素。2023年BBNJ协定在联合国大会上的正式通过和开放签署,是国际社会以国际法为基础构建包容性海洋秩序观的全球海洋治理新动向。首先,在BBNJ协定的谈判层面,包容性海洋秩序观不仅体现出共商共建共享要素,还反映多边主义的胜利。其次,在BBNJ协定的制度层面,包容性海洋秩序观在原则上体现在公约遵循“不损害”原则和协调法律基本原则;在规则上体现为构建数字序列信息多边惠益分享规则和特别关注特定弱势群体能力限制规则。最后,在BBNJ协定的执行层面,包容性海洋秩序观发挥“促进性”功能,而非“惩罚性”功能。包容性海洋秩序观的原创性概念既契合中国传统文化思想,也体现了全人类共同价值,有助于推动构建公正合理的全球海洋治理新格局。A view of inclusive maritime order transcends the‘rule-based international order’and follows the‘international order based on international law’.Its essential connotation is the four elements of‘joint consultation,joint construction,joint benefit and joint progress’.The formal adoption and opening for signature of the 2023 BBNJ Agreement at the United Nations General Assembly marks a new trend in global ocean governance,where the international community is building a view of inclusive maritime order based on international law.First,at the negotiation level of the BBNJ Agreement,a view of inclusive maritime order not only demonstrated the elements of joint consultation,joint construction,joint benefit,but also reflected the victory of multilateralism.Second,at the institutional level of the BBNJ Agreement,a view of inclusive maritime order is manifested in the Convention's adherence to the principles of‘not undermine’and coordination of laws;and in the rules,in the construction of multilateral benefit-sharing rules for digital sequence information and rules that pay special attention to the capacity constraints of certain vulnerable groups.Finally,at the level of implementation of the BBNJ Agreement,a view of inclusive maritime order plays a‘facilitative’rather than a‘punitive’role.A new view of inclusive maritime order is not only in line with traditional Chinese cultural thinking,but also embodies the common values of all mankind,and is conducive to promoting the construction of a fair and reasonable new global maritime governance structure.

关 键 词：包容性海洋秩序观 BBNJ协定 全球海洋治理 多边主义 国际法治 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]