播期与气象要素对海南冬季辣椒生育期和产量的影响  

Effects of Sowing Date and Meteorological Factors on Growth Period and Yield of Winter Pepper in Hainan

作　　者：邹海平 吕润 白蕤 李伟光[1] 陈小敏[1] ZOU Haiping;LU Run;BAI Rui;LI Weiguang;CHEN Xiaomin(Hainan Provincial Climate Center/Haikou Key Laboratory of South China Sea Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Hainan Province,Haikou,Hainan 570203,China)

机构地区：[1]海南省气候中心/海南省南海气象防灾减灾重点实验室,海南海口570203

出　　处：《热带农业科学》2024年第11期14-18,共5页Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金项目(No.421QN0966);海南省气象局技术提升项目(No.hnqxSJ202116)。

摘　　要：探明播期与气象要素对海南冬季辣椒生育期和产量的影响,为合理安排辣椒播期及种植趋利避害提供科学依据。基于2021和2022年辣椒分期播种试验,结合一元线性回归方法和偏相关法,分析海南冬季辣椒生育期和产量与播期及气象要素的关系。结果表明:播期每推迟10 d,辣椒移栽期、现蕾期、开花期、坐果期和采收始期出现所需时间显著增加0.7~4.0 d,采收终期出现所需时间显著减少4.2 d,播期推迟对辣椒出苗所需时间影响不大。播期每推迟10 d,辣椒产量下降约450kg/hm^(2)。辣椒大多数生育阶段长度与相应时段平均温度呈显著负相关关系,与降水日数和日照时数显著正相关,而与降水量关系不大。辣椒产量主要与全生育期≥10℃有效积温有关。综合上市时间、暴雨洪涝灾害和产量三方面考虑,建议将辣椒传统播期9月中旬适当推迟至10月初。加强光照管理、适当增加灌溉频次和做好防寒保暖工作,可促进辣椒正常生长发育、及时采摘上市和产量平稳。The effects of sowing date and meteorological factors on the growth period and yield of winter pepper in Hainan Province were studied to provide a scientific basis for determining a reasonable sowing date and planting method for pepper.The relationships between the growth period and yield of winter pepper in Hainan and the sowing date were analyzed based on experiments involving pepper interval sowing in 2021 and 2022 combined with the linear regression method and partial cor-relation method.The results revealed that for every 10-day delay in sowing,the time required for the emergence of pepper plants at the transplanting,budding,flowering,fruiting,and harvest beginning stages increased significantly by 0.7-4.0 days,and the time required for the emergence of the final harvest stage decreased significantly,by 4.2 days.Delaying the sowing date had little effect on the time needed for pepper emergence.When the sowing date was delayed by ten days,the yield of pepper decreased by approximately 450 kg·hm^(–2).The lengths of most pepper growth stages were significantly negatively cor-related with the average temperature during the corresponding period and significantly positively correlated with the number of precipitation days and sunshine hours but were not significantly related to precipitation.The yields of pepper were related mainly to the effective accumulated temperature of≥10℃ during the growth period.Considering the three aspects of mar-ket time,rainstorms,flood disasters,and yield,the traditional sowing date of pepper should be appropriately delayed from mid-September to early October.Increasing light management,raising the irrigation frequency appropriately,preventing cold,and maintaining warmth could promote the regular growth and development of pepper,timely picking,and yield stability.

关 键 词：辣椒 分期播种 生育期 产量 线性回归 偏相关 海南 

分 类 号：S641.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]