生物炭基材料及其在电化学传感领域的应用  

Research Progress of Biochar Based Materials and Their Applications Using Electrochemical Sensors

作　　者：王宝丽 张逸君 张宇航 陈艳 WANG Baoi;ZHANG Yijun;ZHANG Yuhang;CHEN Yan(Haikou Key Laboratory of Marine Contaminants Monitoring Innovation and Application,Haikou Marine Geological Survey Center,China Geological Survey,Haikou 571127,China)

机构地区：[1]海口市海洋污染物监测创新与应用重点实验室,中国地质调查局海口海洋地质调查中心,海南海口571127

出　　处：《岩矿测试》2024年第6期967-981,共15页Rock and Mineral Analysis

基　　金：自然资源综合调查指挥中心科技创新基金项目“海洋环境微塑料快速监测预警技术研究”(KC20220016);中国地质调查局地质调查项目“战略性矿产勘查岩矿测试技术支撑”(DD20243121)。

摘　　要：电化学传感技术以其成本低、灵敏度高、选择性好、反应速度快等优点成为分析化学领域的研究热点。将电极敏感材料修饰在传感电极表面,实现电化学信号放大是提高电化学传感器分析检测性能的关键。生物炭材料因其有丰富的孔道结构、较大的比表面积、优异的吸附能力,并且表面含有较多的含氧活性官能团,成为优质的电极修饰材料。然而,因生物炭材料的合成方法多样且生物炭的组成复杂性,导致基于生物炭的电化学传感器检测限还有较大的提高空间,且基于生物炭的电化学传感器的传感机理目前仍不明晰。本文以生物炭基材料在电化学传感检测领域的应用为例,简述了生物炭基材料的合成方法以及不同方法所合成炭材料的结构特性,在此基础上,总结了基于生物炭材料的电化学传感器在环境污染物、药物及生物分子分析领域的研究进展。目前,环境污染物的分析主要集中在酚及醌类化合物领域,正逐渐向新污染物如微塑料等领域拓展。药物检测的目标物质主要为抗生素类化学药品和黄酮类中药,其他物质的检测研究相对较少。而生物分子检测中,葡萄糖、多巴胺、尿酸、抗坏血酸等检测分析应用较多,检测机理也比较明晰。整体来说,构建传感器的检出限、灵敏度还有较大提高空间,并且基于大型电化学工作站的传感器也逐渐向集中化、微小化和便携式传感平台过渡。在此基础上,本文提出基于生物炭材料的电传感分析技术的发展方向:①优化炭材料结构,调控炭材料组成,制备更适配电化学传感器的高性能炭基材料,降低检出限,提高灵敏度;②构建基于生物炭的便携式传感器,实现快速智能化分析检测;③传感机理及检测限降低原因的剖析是生物炭基电化学传感器发展过程中需要深入探讨的问题。Electrochemical sensors have become a research hotspot in the field of analytical chemistry due to their high sensitivity,good selectivity,and fast reaction rate.Using biochar materials to construct electrochemical sensors is a low cost,accessible and effective route to achieve excellent detection performance.This review summarizes the research progress of biochar based electrochemical sensors in the detection of environmental pollutants,drugs and biomolecules on the basis of briefly describing the synthesis methods and the structural properties of biochar-based materials.The synthesized biochar and the corresponding constructed sensors indicate that electrochemical sensors hold significant advantages in high-precision and high-stability chemical-signal testing.Further research will focus on optimizing the structure of carbon materials,regulating the composition of them,and preparing high-performance biochar-based materials that are more suitable for electrochemical sensors,so as to reduce the detection limit and improve the sensitivity.Besides,it is urgent to fabricate portable sensors based on biochar to determine rapid and intelligent analysis and detection,and the sensing mechanism and testing performance improvement mechanism are problems that must be deeply explored.

关 键 词：电化学传感器 生物炭 环境污染物 药物 生物分子 

分 类 号：O657[理学—分析化学]