基于哈伯德模型的超冷原子量子模拟研究进展  

Recent research progress of ultracold-atom quantum simulation of Fermi-Hubbard model

作　　者：何院耀 杨兵 HE Yuanyao;YANG Bing(Institute of Modern Physics,Northwest University,Xi’an 710127,China;Department of Physics,Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen 518055,China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学现代物理研究所,西安710127 [2]南方科技大学物理系,深圳518055

出　　处：《物理学报》2025年第1期1-6,共6页Acta Physica Sinica

摘　　要：费米-哈伯德模型是描述凝聚态物理中关联电子体系的基础模型,与高温超导现象具有深刻联系.近年来,超冷原子量子模拟已成为研究该模型的重要范式,同时多体数值计算在该模型基础物理性质的研究方面也取得了重要进展.特别地,最近超冷原子实验观测到三维哈伯德模型中的反铁磁相变,是费米-哈伯德模型量子模拟的重要一步,为理解量子磁性与高温超导之间的联系奠定了基础.本文回顾费米-哈伯德模型的理论与实验研究进展,侧重于三维体系,并讨论实验的发展历程和现状,展望未来的发展趋势.Fermi-Hubbard model is a fundamental lattice model describing correlated electron systems in condensed matter physics and is closely related to high-temperature superconductivity.In recent years,cold-atom quantum simulations have become an important paradigm for studying the Fermi-Hubbard model,and advances in quantum many-body computations have contributed to our understanding of its fundamental properties.Notably,a recent ultracold-atom experiment achieving the well-known antiferromagnetic(AFM)phase transition in the three-dimensional(3D)Hubbard model represents a key step in quantum simulation,laying a foundation for exploring the link between the quantum magnetism and high-temperature superconductivity.In this paper,the experimental and theoretical research progress of Fermi-Hubbard model in 3D systems is reviewed,the development history and present status in this field are discussed,and the future development direction is also prospected.The paper is organized as follows.To begin with,recent progress of observing AFM phase transitions in the 3D Hubbard model is reviewed,focusing on an ultracold-atom experiment conducted by the research group at the University of Science and Technology of China(USTC).Next,a theoretical introduction to the fundamental properties of the 3D Hubbard model is provided,in which prior theoretical studies is summarized,the current research status is outlined,and some unresolved or under-explored problems are discussed.In Section 3,the quantum simulation of the Hubbard model using ultracold atoms in optical lattices is discussed,and the basic principle,historical developments and key challenges are outlined.The USTC team overcame these challenges through innovative techniques such as atom cooling,large-scale uniform box traps,and precise measurements of the AFM structure factor.Their work successfully confirms the AFM phase transition via the critical scaling analysis.Finally,the significance of this achievement is emphasized,and the future research prospects of the 3D Hubbard model a

关 键 词：费米-哈伯德模型 超冷原子量子模拟 量子多体数值计算 反铁磁相变 

分 类 号：O469[理学—凝聚态物理]