非弹性中子散射谱仪及其应用  

Inelastic neutron scattering spectrometer and its applications

作　　者：胡泽 袁园 李历斯 任清勇 冯雨 沈俊英 罗伟 童欣 HU Ze;YUAN Yuan;LI Lisi;REN Qingyong;FENG Yu;SHEN Junying;LUO Wei;TONG Xin(Institute of High Energy Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;China Spallation Neutron Source,Dongguan 523803,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院高能物理研究所,北京100049 [2]散裂中子源科学中心,东莞523803

出　　处：《物理学报》2025年第1期28-40,共13页Acta Physica Sinica

基　　金：中山大学技术开发(委托)合同(批准号:SYSU-74130-20191017-0001);国家重点研发计划(批准号:2020YFA0406000);国家杰出青年科学基金(批准号:12425512)资助的课题.

摘　　要：非弹性中子散射谱是材料科学和物理学研究中的关键工具,其通过观测中子与物质相互作用后的能量和动量变化,揭示材料的微观动力学特性.该技术为定量描述材料的声子色散和磁性激发提供了重要信息.非弹性中子散射谱仪根据单色中子的选择方法,可分为三轴谱仪和飞行时间谱仪.三轴谱仪具有高信噪比、高灵活性,并且对特定测量点能进行精确追踪;而飞行时间谱仪则通过多种手段显著提升实验效率.非弹性中子散射谱仪的应用范围相当广泛,在磁性、超导、热电、催化等诸多材料的机理研究方面,均体现出在推动前沿科学发展中的不可或缺性.中国散裂中子源的高能非弹性谱仪是国内首台飞行时间中子非弹性谱仪,凭借其创新的费米斩波器设计,成功实现了高分辨率与多能量的共存,同时实验可用的单束中子支数达到了国际领先水平.Inelastic neutron scattering is a pivotal technique in materials science and physics research,revealing the microscopic dynamic properties of materials by observing the changes in energy and momentum of neutrons interacting with matter.This technique provides important information for quantitatively describing the phonon dispersion and magnetic excitation of materials.Inelastic neutron scattering spectrometers can be divided into triple-axis spectrometers and time-of-flight spectrometers,according to the method of selecting monochromatic neutrons.The former has high signal-to-noise ratio,flexibility,and precise tracking capabilities for specific measurement points,while the latter significantly improves experimental efficiency through various measures.The application of inelastic neutron scattering spectrometers is quite extensive,playing an indispensable role in advancing frontier scientific research in the study of mechanisms in various materials such as magnetism,superconductivity,thermoelectrics,and catalysis.The high-energy inelastic spectrometer at the China Spallation Neutron Source is the first time-of-flight neutron inelastic spectrometer in China,achieving high resolution and multi-energy coexistence with its innovative Fermi chopper design.Additionally,the number of available single neutron beams in the experiment of this facility has reached the international leading level.

关 键 词：非弹性中子散射 三轴中子散射谱仪 飞行时间中子散射谱仪 费米斩波器 

分 类 号：O571.5[理学—粒子物理与原子核物理]