太阳能光谱分频光伏光热驱动钾基吸附剂碳捕集系统集成设计  

Design of an integrated system based on K_(2)CO_(3)-based adsorbents for CO_(2) capture driven by solar spectral beam splitting in hybrid PV/T

作　　者：张金波 王炯超 王雨豪 刘文卓 狄林文 郭亚飞 王瑞林 ZHANG Jinbo;WANG Jiongchao;WANG Yuhao;LIU Wenzhuo;DI Linwen;GUO Yafei;WANG Ruilin(Huaneng Renewables Corporation Limited,Beijing 100036,China;College of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China;School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]华能新能源股份有限公司,北京100036 [2]浙江大学建筑工程学院,浙江杭州310058 [3]南京师范大学能源与机械工程学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《新能源科技》2024年第6期8-15,共8页New Energy Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51806108,52106014);江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK2020731)。

摘　　要：钾基吸附剂干法脱碳技术在燃烧烟气CO_(2)捕集中极具应用前景,但其再生能耗依赖于燃煤发电自身能量,如何在不影响电站能效条件下满足碳捕集所需能量成为挑战。与此同时,聚光光伏光电转换过程中,由于光谱能量同电池带隙能不匹配,约80%左右的能量会转化为废热,影响光伏电池安全高效工作,如何减少废热对其发电效率的影响并更好地利用剩余光谱能量成为挑战。文章提出太阳能全光谱分频光伏光热驱动钾基吸附剂碳捕集思路,即利用分频膜将适于光伏的可见光波段分配给光伏电池进而转化为电能,将剩余波段聚光集热利用为钾基吸附剂碳捕集过程供能。研制了原理样机并开展实验,结果显示400~600Wm^(-2)辐照条件下,聚光集热温度大于170℃,光伏平均发电功率为9.2W,钾基吸附剂可完全实现再生。以某330MW典型电站为案例开展系统分析,结果表明,系统较单一燃煤碳捕集效率增加13.1个百分点,较光伏发电系统太阳能综合利用率提升明显;与同规模单一燃煤碳捕集和光伏发电的简单叠加相比,系统总出功增加25.1MW,实现1+1>2的集成效果,证明该系统节能减排效果显著。综合考虑各类收益,系统静态投资回收期为4.6年,表明系统具有一定的经济效益。文章提出的全光谱太阳能分频光伏光热驱动钾基吸附剂碳捕集工艺可应用于太阳能和化石资源丰富的中西部地区,为清洁能源与化石能源并行利用提供新思路,具有突出的应用价值和前景。Potassium-based CO_(2) adsorbents show great potential for CO_(2) capture from post-combustion flue gas,while integrating power plants with the dry carbonate CO_(2) capture process imposes significant energy penalties due to the en-ergy consumption required for sorbent regeneration.How to deal with the energy penalty for carbon capture without af-fecting the power generation efficiency of power plants remains a challenge.Besides,due to the mismatch between the spectral energy and the bandgap energy of photovoltaic cells,about 80%of the energy is converted into waste heat dur-ing the photovoltaic conversion process of concentrated photovoltaics,thus affecting the safety and efficient operation of the photovoltaic cells.It remains a challenge to minimize the adverse effect of waste heat on power generation efficiency and to maximize the utilization of the spectral energy for photovoltaic cells.In this work,the concept of integrating the dry regenerable carbonate CO_(2) capture process with solar spectral beam splitting in hybrid PV/T is proposed.A spec-tral splitter is employed to allocate the energy in the visible light band range for photovoltaics for electricity generation,while the energy in the remaining bands is concentrated for heat production for driving the regeneration of potassium-based adsorbents.A prototype is developed and the experimental results show that the temperature in concentrating col-lector exceeds 170℃ with an average photovoltaic power generation of 9.2 W,demonstrating the complete regeneration of potassium-based adsorbents under the radiation of 400~600 W·m^(-2).A typical 330 MW power station is taken for case study,and the results show that the integrated system surpasses the independent system in CO_(2) capture efficiency by 13.1%and the comprehensive utilization rate of solar energy is significantly improved.Compared with the simple superposition system of individual power plant and photovoltaic power generation,the total output power of the integrat-ed system increases by 25.1 MW,a

关 键 词：太阳能辅助碳捕集 钾基吸附剂再生 光伏发电 光伏余热利用 燃煤电站碳捕集 

分 类 号：TK512[动力工程及工程热物理—热能工程] TU111[建筑科学—建筑理论]