空军男性官兵视疲劳症状流行特征及影响因素分析  

Epidemiological characteristics and determinants of asthenopia symptoms among Air Force servicemen

作　　者：桂煜 陈鹏 孔欢欢 孙丽娟 GUI Yu;CHEN Peng;KONG Huanhuan;SUN Lijuan(Department of Ophthalmology,Xijing Hospital,Air Force Medical University,PLA,Xi'an 710032,China)

机构地区：[1]空军军医大学西京医院眼科,西安710032

出　　处：《空军航空医学》2024年第6期487-491,共5页AVIATION MEDICINE OF AIR FORCE

摘　　要：目的调查空军官兵视疲劳症状流行特征并分析相关影响因素,为维护空军官兵的视觉健康提供技术支撑。方法采用横断面调查研究,于2023年10月—2024年1月对全国官兵进行问卷调查,问卷包括普查版视疲劳量表和其他因素。应用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析比较视疲劳相关影响因素,Spearman相关分析视疲劳量表和眼表疾病指数量表评分的相关性。结果共收集有效问卷1104份,有效率90.71%,剔除女性问卷,共纳入研对象1065名,其中飞行员356名,其他人员709名。飞行员视疲劳检出率32.87%,其他人员20.87%,飞行员视疲劳检出率高于其他人员(χ^(2)=18.231,P<0.001);不同机种飞行员视疲劳检出率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=10.260,P=0.006),其他人员间检出率差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=1.175,P=0.278)。飞行员视疲劳的危险因素包括年龄(OR=1.092,95%CI:1.043~1.146)、睡眠质量差(OR=2.152,95%CI:1.059~4.492)、工作性质以电子屏幕为主(OR=2.321,95%CI:1.078~5.167)、近距离用眼(电子产品)时间>4 h(OR=2.840,95%CI:1.111~7.594)、眼表疾病指数量表评分高(OR=1.304,95%CI:1.233~1.392);其他人员视疲劳的危险因素包括单位驻地为中部地区(OR=2.175,95%CI:1.007~4.591)、屈光不正人群(OR=2.670,95%CI:1.579~4.531)、睡眠质量差(OR=2.327,95%CI:1.373~3.977)、近距离用眼(非电子产品)时间>4h(OR=2.679,95%CI:1.204~5.829)、眼表疾病指数量表评分高(OR=1.153,95%CI:1.124~1.186)。Spearman相关分析显示,视疲劳量表和眼表疾病指数量表评分存在正相关(飞行员:r=0.768,P<0.001;其他人员:r=0.725,P<0.001)。结论空军官兵视疲劳检出率较高,应予以重视,并将相关人员纳入视疲劳风险管理工作中,建立健全视疲劳防控方案,保障空军官兵视觉健康。Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of asthenopia symptoms among Air Force soldiers and identify the determinants so as to provide technical support for maintaining visual health.Methods A nationwide and cross-sectional survey was conducted between October 2023 and January 2024 in Air Force,involving the 11-item Asthenopia Survey Questionnaire(ASQ-11)and related influencing factors that were analyzed using the univariate and multivariate logistic regression in order to identify factors related to asthenopia.Spearman correlation analysis was used to study the correlations between ASQ-11 and Ocular Surface Disease Index(OSDI)scales.Results A total of 1104 valid questionnaires were collected,with an effective rate of 90.71%,and 1065 participants were enrolled in the study,including 356 pilots and 709 other personnel.The detection rate of asthenopia was 32.87%for pilots and 20.87%for other military personnel,suggesting that the detection rate of asthenopia among pilots was higher(χ^(2)=18.231,P<0.001).There was significant difference between pilots of different types of aircraft(χ^(2)=10.260,P=0.006),but no significant difference between other personnel(χ^(2)=1.175,P=0.278).For pilots,the risk factors for asthenopia included age(OR=1.092,95%CI:1.043~1.146),poor sleep(OR=2.152,95%CI:1.059~4.492),jobs involving electronic screens(OR=2.321,95%CI:1.078~5.167),more than 4 hours of reading close to electronic products(OR=2.840,95%CI:1.111~7.594),and high Ocular Surface Disease Index scores(OR=1.304,95%CI:1.233~1.392).For personnel other than pilots,working in Central China(OR=2.175,95%CI:1.007~4.591),refractive errors(OR=2.670,95%CI:1.579~4.531),poor sleep(OR=2.327,95%CI:1.373~3.977),reading close to non-electronic products for more than 4 hours(OR=2.679,95%CI:1.204~5.829),and high Ocular Surface Disease Index scores(OR=1.153,95%CI:1.124~1.186)were risk factors.Spearman correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between the ASQ-11 and OSDI scores(r=0.768,P<0.001 for pilots and r=0.725,P<0.001 for o

关 键 词：视疲劳 影响因素 军事人员 

分 类 号：R856.77[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]