论排除情事变更适用之特约的法律效力——以《民法典合同编通则解释》第32条第4款为中心  

On the Legal Effect of a Special Contract Precluding the Application of a Change of Circumstances:Centred on Article 32 Paragraph 4 of the Judicial Interpretation of General Provisions of Contracts Book of the Civil Code

作　　者：韩富鹏 Han Fupeng

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学法学院

出　　处：《财经法学》2025年第1期25-42,共18页Law and Economy

基　　金：中国法学会民法学研究会2024年青年学者研究项目“情事变更制度的体系定位与制度完善研究”(2024MFXH005)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：《民法典合同编通则解释》第32条第4款规定当事人间排除情事变更制度适用的特别约定无效,其正当性需要进一步反思。情事变更制度属于当事人合意漏洞填补的工具而非契约自由的限制规范,排除情事变更适用特约与情事变更规范性质本身不存在冲突。排除情事变更适用的特约具有事前弃权、概括约定等特征,但这并不意味着该特约必然不符合当事人真实意思或者有违公序良俗。此类特别约定与具体的风险分配约定之间只存在程度和范围上的差异,而不存在泾渭分明的界限。为最大程度尊重当事人的意思自治,原则上应当承认排除情事变更适用特约的效力。如果该特约存在违反公序良俗或者显失公平等瑕疵,则应适用法律行为的一般效力规则进行规制。对此,可根据民事合同与商事合同、单务合同与双务合同等合同类型的差异,适用程度不同的判断标准。如果未来情势变化及对当事人造成的不利影响远远超出当事人订约时的共同设想,可以认定此类特约因欠缺合意而不成立。Article 32 Paragraph 4 of the Judicial Interpretation of the General Principles of Contracts provides that a special agreement between the parties to exclude the application of the regime of change of circumstances is invalid,and its legitimacy requires further reflection.The change of circumstances system is the tool to fill the loopholes between the parties rather than the restriction norms of contract freedom,and the special agreement of excluding the change of circumstances and the nature of the change of circumstances norms itself are not in conflict.The special contract of excluding the application of the change of circumstances has characteristics of prior waiver,general agreement and so on,but this does not mean that the special contract is necessarily inconsistent with the true meaning of the parties or contrary to public order and morality.There is only a difference in degree and scope between such a special agreement and a specific risk allocation agreement,and there is no clear-cut line.In order to maximise to respect the parties'autonomy,the special agreement of exclusion of variation of circumstances from the application should in principle be recognised.If there are defects in the contract such as violation of public order and morals or manifest unfairness,the general rules of validity of legal acts should be applied to regulate it.In this regard,different levels of judgement may be applied according to the differences in the types of contracts,such as civil contracts and commercial contracts,and single-service contracts and double-service contracts.If the future change of circumstances and the adverse effects on the parties are far beyond the parties'common assumptions at the time of contracting,it can be concluded that such special contract is not established due to the lack of consent.

关 键 词：情事变更 特约 强制性规范 公序良俗 诚实信用 

分 类 号：D923.6[政治法律—民商法学]