未成年人侵权的责任承担  

The Assumption of Liability for Torts of Minors

作　　者：朱虎[1,2] Zhu Hu

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学民商事法律科学研究中心 [2]中国人民大学法学院

出　　处：《财经法学》2025年第1期71-88,共18页Law and Economy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“民法典多人债之关系及其诉讼构造研究”(21AFX017)的成果之一。

摘　　要：监护人责任的不同归责事由之间存在类型的流动,关键是实践中认定减责事由成立的难易程度和减责的具体幅度,就此应考量监护职责的外延、未成年人的年龄和财产状况等更多元化的因素。未成年人最终对受害人承担责任,有利于受害人,但需要对该责任予以限制。“责任能力”的概念并非必要,而比较法中的“同龄人过错+无限责任+无过错时的衡平责任”和《民法典》采取的“成年人过错+有限责任”这两种模式,在最终结果上具有程度上的区别,但后者并非完全不具有正当性。《民法典》第1188条第1款和第2款区分了责任和责任具体履行这两个层面,两者又分别体现于诉讼阶段和执行阶段。侵权编相关司法解释据此进一步考虑了当事人地位、判决书主文等程序性问题。There is a flow of types between different attributions of liability of the guardian,in which the key points are the level of difficulty to determine a reduced liability plea and the specific extent of the mitigation in practice.In these respects,more diversified factors,such as the extension of guardianship duties,the minor's age and the property status,should be taken into account.It is beneficial to the victim when the minor is ultimately deemed to assume the liability for him,but the liability needs to be limited as well.The concept of capacity for liability is not necessary.To some extent,there are differences in the final result between the model of‘peer fault+unlimited liability+equitable liability in case of no fault’in comparative law and the one of‘adult fault+limited liability’adopted by the Civil Code of the PRC,but the latter is not entirely unjustified.Paragraph 1 and 2 of Article 1188 distinguish between the two aspects of liability and its assumption,which are reflected respectively in the litigation stage and the enforcement stage.Accordingly,procedural issues such as the status of the parties and the main text of the court verdict are further considered in the Interpretation of Tort Liability(I)of the SPC.

关 键 词：未成年人侵权 监护人责任 未成年人责任 责任履行 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]