基层考核政治中的差异化激励:基于“信号传递—意见领袖”的解释  

Differentiated Incentives in Grassroots Performance Evaluation Politics:An Explanation of“Signal Transmission-Opinion Leader”

作　　者：赵乾 Zhao Qian(Tongji University,Shanghai 200092)

机构地区：[1]同济大学,上海200092

出　　处：《天津行政学院学报》2025年第1期55-65,共11页Journal of Tianjin Administration Institute

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“基于‘制度—效能’转化的现代环境治理体系健全研究”(23ZDA108);国家社会科学基金重点项目“党的十八大以来党领导生态文明建设‘制度—效能’转化的经验与启示”(22AZD091)。

摘　　要：在中国基层考核政治运行中,强激励与弱激励同时存在。田野观察表明,面对相同的考核方案,作为信号释放者的上级领导与作为信号接收者的考核对象对信号传递存在巨大差异,以及考核方发挥意见领袖作用的差别使激励常常处于变动状态,进而催发了四种激励图式:“相容型强激励”“动员型强激励”“倦怠型弱激励”“被动型弱激励”。考核方依据上级领导意图实施考核,并在上级领导与考核对象的信号传递过程中扮演着重要的意见领袖角色,而考核对象在上级领导信号释放、自身信号感知以及考核方的影响下,自主地在任务推进过程中呈现鲜明的被激励状态,并理性适应整个基层政治生态。“信号传递—意见领袖”框架的提出,不仅强化了考核激励在微观层面上的解释力度,而且有助于回应基层考核中的激励偏差问题,同时也为干部管理提供了理论启示与实践参考。In the political operation of grassroots performance evaluation in China,strong incentives and weak incentives coexist.Based on field observations of the performance evaluation practice process,when faced with the same evaluation plan,the huge difference in signal transmission between the superior leader as the signaler and the evaluation object as the signal receiver,as well as the difference in the role of opinion leaders played by the evaluation party,often leads to a state of change in incentive,which in turn triggers four incentive patterns:“compatible strong incentive”“mobilization strong incentive”“fatigue weak incentive”and“passive weak incentive”.The evaluation party implements the assessment based on the will of the superior leaders and plays an important role as an opinion leader in the signal transmission process between the superior leaders and the evaluation objects.Under the influence of the superior leaders’signal release,their own signal perception,and the evaluation party,the evaluation objects independently present a distinct incentive state in the process of advancing tasks,and rationally adapt to the entire grassroots political ecology.The proposal of the“Signal Transmission-Opinion Leader”framework not only strengthens the explanatory power of evaluation incentives at the micro level,but also helps to address the issue of incentive bias in grassroots evaluations.At the same time,it provides theoretical inspiration and practical reference for cadre management.

关 键 词：考核 激励 信号传递 意见领袖 干部管理 

分 类 号：D630[政治法律—政治学]