HAZOP分析在火炸药工艺风险控制中的应用  

Application of HAZOP analysis in risk control of explosive technology

作　　者：史喆 邢峰 康红艳 赵媛媛 马志伟 王旭文 张健 杨玉林 SHI Zhe;XING Feng;KANG Hongyan;ZHAO Yuanyuan;MA Zhiwei;WANG Xuwen;ZHANG Jian;YANG Yulin(China Wuzhou Engineering Group Corporation LTD,Beijing 100053,China;MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China)

机构地区：[1]中国五洲工程设计集团有限公司,北京100053 [2]哈尔滨工业大学化工与化学学院,新能源转换与存储关键材料技术工业和信息化部重点实验室,哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《固体火箭技术》2024年第6期774-783,共10页Journal of Solid Rocket Technology

摘　　要：火炸药产品的加工制造过程具有显著的高能量性、高危险性和高敏感性,其工艺安全性和可靠性要求极为严格,需要对其设计、制造和生产全生命周期进行全方位分析,并做出相应的应急措施。危险与可操作性分析(HAZOP)是一种广泛应用于危险化学品领域的安全分析方法,能够对工业过程或单元操作进行审查,识别、评估和预防潜在的危险或操作性问题,从而根据不同的问题制定相应的安全和管理措施,最终达到降低事故发生概率的目的。详述了HAZOP分析的流程和优势,就HAZOP分析应用于炸药、发射药、固体推进剂等涉火产品工艺安全风险控制领域的情况进行论述,对其在火炸药工艺风险控制中的适用性和目前在应用过程中存在的问题进行论证和展望,未来应加快火炸药产线物料的安全特性研究,提高HAZOP分析的全面性,加强HAZOP分析与故障模式与影响分析(FMEA)、保护层分析(LOPA)、安全完整性等级(SIL)及定量风险评估(QRA)等方法协同应用,使火炸药工艺安全风险控制得到进一步提升。The manufacturing process of explosive products has significant high energy,high risk and high sensitivity.The process safety and reliability requirements of explosive production are extremely strict.It is necessary to conduct a comprehensive analysis of its design,manufacturing and production life cycle,and make corresponding emergency measures.Hazard and Operability Analysis(HAZOP)is a safety analysis method widely used in the field of hazardous chemicals,which can review industrial processes or unit operations,identify,assess and prevent potential hazards or operational problems,so that safety and management measures can be developed according to different problems,and ultimately achieve the purpose of reducing the probability of accidents.This paper elaborates technological process and advantages of HAZOP analysis,discusses the application of HAZOP analysis in the field of process safety risk control of explosive,propellant,solid propellant and other fire-related products,and demonstrates its applicability in the process risk control of explosive and the existing problems in the application process and gives prospects.In the future,it is necessary to accelerate the research on the safety characteristics of materials in explosive production line,improve the comprehensiveness of HAZOP analysis,and strengthen the collaborative application of HAZOP analysis with FMEA,LOPA,SIL and QRA,so as to further improve the safety risk control of explosive process.

关 键 词：HAZOP分析 火炸药 工艺安全 风险控制 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术]