外源氮对湟水流域春小麦氮素吸收利用和土壤无机氮的影响  

Effect of Exogenous Nitrogen on Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization and Soil Inorganic Nitrogen by Spring Wheat in Huangshui Basin

作　　者：安晓康 盛海彦[1] 王生 赵凤宏 才让东周 AN Xiaokang;SHENG Haiyan;WANG Sheng;ZHAO Fenghong;CAIRANG Dongzhou(Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;Qinghai Provincial Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Xining 810000,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学,西宁810016 [2]青海省农业技术推广总站,西宁810000

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2025年第2期191-199,共9页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U20A20115)。

摘　　要：针对青藏高原湟水流域氮肥不合理施用引起的土壤有效态氮淋溶损失等问题,设置5个处理0(N_(0))、78(N_(78))、156(N_(156))、234(N_(234))和312(N_(312))kg/hm^(2)进行田间试验,结果表明:①随施氮量增加,0~100 cm土壤硝态氮含量逐渐增加,土壤铵态氮含量无显著变化;施氮量达到234 kg/hm^(2)之前,土壤硝态氮主要积累在0~40 cm土层;施氮量超过234 kg/hm^(2),土壤硝态氮主要积累在60~100 cm土层;施氮量超过156 kg/hm^(2),土壤中氮素开始盈余,并随施氮量的增加而增加;随施氮量的增加,春小麦的产量先升高后降低,2 a施氮量分别为241 kg/hm^(2),246 kg/hm^(2)时,产量达到最高为8623 kg/hm^(2),8435 kg/hm^(2)。综合产量、环境及经济效益,最佳施氮量为240 kg/hm^(2)。In the Huangshui Basin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,inappropriate application of nitrogen fertilizer has resulted in significant leaching losses of soil available nitrogen,To address this issue,a field study was conducted with five nitrogen application rates:0(N_(0)),78(N_(78)),156(N_(156)),234(N_(234))and 312(N_(312))kg/hm^(2).The results showed that nitrate nitrogen(NO_(3)^(-)-N)content in the 0-100 cm soil layer increased with nitrogen application,while ammonium nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)-N)content remained unchanged;Within the 0-100 cm soil profile,nitrogen application rates below 234 kg/hm^(2)led to a slow increase in soil NO_(3)^(-)-N,with the main accumulation occurring in the 0-40 cm layer.However,at application rates exceeding 234 kg/hm^(2),the NO_(3)^(-)-N accumulation shifted to the 60-100 cm layer.A surplus of soil nitrogen emerged at an application rate of 156 kg/hm^(2)and increased with further nitrogen input.Spring wheat yield initially increased and then slightly decreased,with the highest yield of 8623 kg/hm^(2)and 8435 kg/hm^(2)achieved at 241 kg/hm^(2)and 246 kg/hm^(2),respectively.Considering yield,environmental sustainability,and economic efficiency,the optimal economic nitrogen application rate is 240 kg/hm^(2).

关 键 词：湟水流域 春小麦 产量 硝态氮 铵态氮 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]