不同氮磷钾配比对‘北冰红’光合性能及产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Different Ratios of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium on Photosynthetic Performance,Yield and Quality of‘Beibinghong’

作　　者：潘越 王季姣 虎海防 李树德 PAN Yue;WANG Jijiao;HU Haifang;LI Shude(Research Institute of Landscaping,Xinjiang Academy of Forestry Science,Urumqi 830000,China;College of Forestry and Horticulture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Xinjiang Niya Wine Co.,Changji Xinjiang 832200,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆林科院园林绿化研究所,乌鲁木齐830000 [2]新疆农业大学林学与风景园林学院,鲁木齐830052 [3]新疆尼雅葡萄酒有限公司,新疆昌吉832200

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2025年第2期260-270,共11页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发项目(2022B02045-2-3);自治区“三农”骨干人才培养项目(2022SNGGHT084)。

摘　　要：以新疆5 a的山葡萄‘北冰红’为研究对象,探讨氮、磷、钾不同施肥量对‘北冰红’光合特性、产量和品质的影响,为山葡萄在新疆的发展提供合理的施肥依据。采取“3414”施肥效应试验,测定氮、磷、钾不同施肥配比条件对果实成熟期‘北冰红’叶片光合特性、光合-光响应曲线(净光合速率(P_(n))-光强(PAR)曲线)、产量和果汁基础理化性状,采用不同模型(直角双曲线模型(RH模型)、非直角双曲线模型(NRH模型)、指数模型(EX模型)、直角双曲线修正模型(MRH模型))对不同氮、磷、钾肥配比条件下的P_(n)-PAR曲线进行拟合,并分析光合参数(P_(n)、T_(r)、C_(i)、WUE)对产量和品质的响应。MRH模型P_(n)-PAR曲线拟合效果最佳,求解出的AQY、LCP和R d、P_(n)max和LSP最接近于实测值。结果表明,通过对‘北冰红’产量分析得出N_(2)P_(2)K_(3)和N_(1)P_(2)K_(2)的施肥配比,较N_(0)P_(0)K_(0)配比单株产量分别提高了282.38%和234.43%;并通过果汁理化性状得出N_(2)P_(2)K_(3)较N_(0)P_(0)K_(0)在可溶性固形物、总酚、维生素C和总糖含量分别提高32.85%、30.77%、17.87%和34.13%;N_(1)P_(2)K_(2)较N_(0)P_(0)K_(0)总酸降低72.61%,花色苷含量降低20.69%。综合比较分析,N、P_(2)O_(5)和K_(2)O施肥(纯量)分别为93.568 kg/hm^(2)、41.364 kg/hm^(2)和109.355 kg/hm^(2)时,能够提高‘北冰红’成熟期的光合特性、产量及品质。To investigate the effects of different fertilization rates of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium on the photosynthetic characteristics,yield and quality of‘Beibinghong’,by taking‘Beibinghong’as the research object in Xinjiang over five years,to provide a fertilization recommendations for Vitis amurensis Rupr.development in Xinjiang.The“3414”fertilization effect test was conducted to determine the effects of different fertilization rates of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium on the photosynthetic characteristics of‘Beibinghong’leaves,photosynthesis-light response curves(net photosynthesis rate(P_(n))-light intensity(PAR)curves)at the fruit ripening stage,yield and juice-based physicochemical traits.Different models including the right-angle hyperbola(RH)model,non-right-angle hyperbola(NRH)model,exponential(EX)model,and modified right-angle hyperbola(MRH)model,were used to fit the P_(n)-PAR curves under different nitrogen,phosphorus,and potash fertilizer ratios,and to analyze the photosynthetic parameters(P_(n),T_(r),C_(i),and WUE)on yield and quality responses.The P_(n)-PAR curve of MRH model was fitted best,and calculated AQY,LCP and R d,P_(n)max and LSP were closest to the measured values.The yield analysis of‘Beibinghong’yielded that the fertiliser ratios of N_(2)P_(2)K_(3)and N_(1)P_(2)K_(2)increased the yield of a single plant by 282.38%and 234.43%,respectively,compared to the N_(0)P_(0)K_(0)ratios.Through the physicochemical traits of the juice,it was concluded that N_(2)P_(2)K_(3)increased total soluble solids,total phenolics,vitamin,and total sugar content by 32.85%,30.77%,17.87%,and 34.13%,respectively,compared to N_(0)P_(0)K_(0).N_(1)P_(2)K_(2)reduced total acids by 72.61%and reduced anthocyanin content by 20.69%compared with N_(0)P_(0)K_(0).A comprehensive comparative analysis showed that fertilization with N,P_(2)O_(5),and K_(2)O at 93.568 kg/hm^(2),41.364 kg/hm^(2),and 109.355 kg/hm^(2),respectively,effectively improves the photosynthetic characteristics,yield,and quality of‘Beibi

关 键 词：北冰红 光合特性 产量 品质 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]