鄱阳湖通江水道鱼类分类多样性与水环境的关系  

Relationship between fish taxonomic diversity and water environ ment in the waterway of Poyang Lake to Yangtze River

作　　者：王璐瑶 陈诗伟 王生 花麒 尹宏[1] 胡茂林[1] WANG Luyao;CHEN Shiwei;WANG Sheng;HUA Qi;YIN Hong;HU Maolin(School of Life Sciences,Nanchang University,Nanchang 330031,China;Jiangxi Aquatic Biological Protection and Rescue Center,Nanchang 330006,China)

机构地区：[1]南昌大学生命科学学院,江西南昌330031 [2]江西省水生生物保护救助中心,江西南昌330006

出　　处：《南昌大学学报(理科版)》2024年第6期580-587,共8页Journal of Nanchang University(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(32060271);江西省自然科学基金资助项目(20232BAB205068)。

摘　　要：为了解鄱阳湖通江水道鱼类分类多样性的时空变化特征及影响因素,根据2021—2022年的渔获物与水环境调查数据,基于分类多样性指数(Δ)、分类差异指数(Δ^(*))、平均分类差异指数(Δ^(+))和分类差异变异指数(Λ^(+))分析了鱼类分类多样性的时空变化及其与水环境的关系。共发现鱼类4目7科33属54种,以鲤科鱼类为主。时间上,丰水期的鱼类物种最丰富、Δ和Δ+最大,枯水期的物种数最少、Δ^(*)和Λ^(+)最大,反映了通江水道鱼类分类多样性随水位上升逐渐增大;空间上,屏峰水域鱼类种类数最少,但Δ、Δ^(*)、Δ^(+)和Λ^(+)均最高,说明该水域的鱼类物种亲缘关系最远、分类均匀度最差。另外,鄱阳湖通江水道鱼类群落平均分类差异指数和分类差异变异指数的随机检验显示,各水域不同时期的Δ^(+)和Λ^(+)基本处于95%置信范围内。广义加性模型分析显示,Δ^(*)与水位显著相关,Λ^(+)与电导率、总溶解固体、透明度显著相关。In order to understand the spatiotemporal variation of fish taxonomic diversity and its influencing factors in the waterway of Poyang Lake to Yangtze River,based on the data of fish catch and water environment survey from 2021 to 2022,the spatiotemporal variation of fish taxonomic diversity and its relationship with water environment were analyzed using the indices of taxonomic diversity(Δ),taxonomic distinctness(Δ^(*)),average taxonomic distinctness(Δ^(+))and variation in taxonomic distinctness(Λ^(+)).A total of 54 fish species,belonging to 33 genera,7 families and 4 orders were found in this survey.And Cyprinids were the main fish.In terms of time,the fish species were the most abundant andΔandΔ^(+)were the largest in the wet season,while the species number was the dry least andΔ^(*)andΛ^(+)were the largest in the dry season,which reflected that the fish taxonomic diversity increased gradually with the rise of water level in the waterway of Poyang Lake to Yangtze River.Spatially,the number of fish species in the Pingfeng area was the lowest,but theΔ,Δ^(*),Δ^(+)andΛ^(+)were the highest,indicated that the fish species in this area were most closely related and the classification uniformity was the worst.In addition,the randomization test of the average taxonomic distinctness index and the variation in taxonomic distinctness showed that theΔ^(+)andΛ^(+)of different areas and periods were basically within the 95%confidence range.Generalized additive model analysis showed thatΔ^(*)was significantly correlated with water level,andΛ^(+)was significantly correlated with conductivity,total dissolved solids and transparency.

关 键 词：鱼类 分类多样性 水环境 鄱阳湖通江水道 

分 类 号：S932[农业科学—渔业资源]