稻田水系统各单元功能协同:防控农业面源污染新策略  

Functions of Paddy Field Water System Units and Their Synergistic Effects in Reducing Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution

作　　者：罗华溢 金泽凡 唐次来[2] 孙朋飞 吴永红[1] LUO Huayi;JIN Zefan;TANG Cilai;SUN Pengfei;WU Yonghong(State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,P.R.China;College of Hydraulic&Environmental Engineering,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,中国科学院南京土壤研究所,江苏南京210008 [2]三峡大学水利与环境学院,湖北宜昌443002

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2025年第1期155-165,共11页Journal of Hydroecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41825021,41961144010);江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2020731)。

摘　　要：综述稻田水系统各单元功能及协同作用,为业面源污染控制提供参考。稻田兼具农产品供应与污染净化功能;沟渠可排水、灌溉、减轻洪水风险,还能消纳污染;水塘具有蓄水、灌溉、养殖、净化水质等作用。各单元协同可实现源头减排、过程削减、末端治理。通过联合调控,稻田水系统能有效吸纳污染物,净化尾水回用,周丛生物在其中也发挥重要作用。未来应深入研究系统对氮磷的吸收容量、优化植物配置与管理、因地制宜选择基质和植物、建立野外监测系统,以提升对农业面源污染的控制效果,实现农业可持续发展。With effective control of point source pollution in China,agricultural non-point source pollu-tion has become a major environmental problem.Protecting rural ecosystems and controlling agricultural non-point source pollution are important for developing an ecological civilization and revitalizing the ru-ral regions of China.Due to excessive usage of chemical fertilizers and pesticides,agricultural chemicals not absorbed by crops enter the water environment by surface runoff,paddy field drainage and under-ground seepage,resulting in surface and groundwater pollution.Paddy fields,irrigation ditches,and ditch-pond wetlands,as integral components of the paddy field water system,play a crucial role in reducing non-point source pollution at the source and enhancing environmental self-purification.In this study,we summarized the primary functions of each unit in the paddy field water system,as well as their synergistic effects in enhancing the self-purification capacity of paddy field ecosystems and controlling agricultural non-point source pollution.Through spatial optimization and comprehensive regulation and control of each unit within the paddy field water system,the system can achieve source control,process reduction and end-of-pipe treatment of agricultural non-point source pollution,consequently improving the agricul-tural ecological environment and enhancing the environmental carrying capacity of the paddy field ecosys-tem.Recommendations for further study of the paddy field water system are also made,including the ni-trogen and phosphorus absorption capacity of each unit of the system,selecting and managing substrates and aquatic plants according to local conditions,and establishing a field detection system to explore the impact of various factors on the purification capacity of the paddy field water system.

关 键 词：稻田水系统 沟塘湿地 面源污染 氮磷 

分 类 号：X506[环境科学与工程—环境工程]