洞庭湖近20年水文情势特征及变化趋势  

Hydrological Characteristics and Trends of Dongting Lake over the Last 20 Years

作　　者：姜恒 李洪翔 徐悦 张雨河 刘派 耿明明 李峰[2,3,5] 黄兵 JIANG Heng;LI Hongxiang;XU Yue;ZHANG Yuhe;LIU Pai;GENG Mingming;LI Feng;HUANG Bing(Hunan Water Resources and Hydropower Survey,Design,Planning and Research Co.,Ltd,Engineering Technology Research Center of Hunan Dongting Lake Flood Control and Water Resources Protection of Hunan Province,Changsha 410007,P.R.China;Institute of Subtropical Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agroecological Processes,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changsha 410125,P.R.China;Hunan Dongting Lake Wetland Ecosystem National Field Scientific Observation Research Station,Changsha 410125,P.R.China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,P.R.China;Hunan Center of Natural Resources Affairs,Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Conservation and Restoration in Dongting Lake Basin,Ministry of Natural Resources,Changsha 410004,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省水利水电勘测设计规划研究总院有限公司,湖南省洞庭湖防洪及水资源保障工程技术研究中心,湖南长沙410007 [2]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,中国科学院亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室,湖南长沙410125 [3]湖南洞庭湖湖泊湿地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,湖南长沙410125 [4]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [5]湖南省自然资源事务中心,自然资源部洞庭湖流域生态保护修复工程技术创新中心,湖南长沙410004

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2025年第1期213-224,共12页Journal of Hydroecology

基　　金：湖南省自然资源科技计划项目(20230138ST);水利部重大科技项目(SKS-2022079);湖南省重大水利科技项目(XSKJ2022068-40)。

摘　　要：水文情势是水生态环境质量的重要参考依据,研究湖泊、河流等水文情势变化特征可为水域安全管理和生态系统功能恢复提供一定科学依据。利用城陵矶等代表性站点水文数据以及Landsat5、8卫星遥感数据,综合分析了2000—2020年洞庭湖水文情势变化特征,并从流域层面分析了来水对洞庭湖水文情势变化的驱动影响。结果表明:(1)洞庭湖整体平均水位年际波动较大,同时年内水位变化趋势较为明显,具有明显的丰枯水期;(2)洞庭湖最大水域面积减少,但最小水域面积增加;(3)洞庭湖水体有效连通性大幅度下降,W-E方向的连通性提高,而N-S方向的连通性下降;(4)三口(藕池口、松滋口、太平口)水位和流量变化与湖区整体水文情势关系更加密切,其中藕池口对湖区水文情势影响最大。The hydrological regime plays an important role in determining the quality of aquatic ecosys-tems.Studying the hydrological changes in lakes,rivers and other water bodies provides a scientific basis for water safety management and ecological restoration.In this study,we analyzed change in the hydro-logical regime of Dongting Lake from 2000 to 2020 and explored the effect of inflowing water on chang-es in hydrology using random forest regression.The study was based on hydrological data from 8 repre-sentative stations(Chenglingji,Yingtian,Nanzui,Yangliutan,Taoyuan,Mituosi,Shadaoguan,Kangjia-gang)and Landsat 5 and 8 satellite remote sensing data.Results show:(1)In the past 20 years,the annual average water level of Dongting Lake fluctuated widely,with water levels in 2002,2005,2012 and 2016 significantly higher than the average,and levels in 2006 and 2011 significantly lower than the average.The changes in water level within a year were more regular,displaying a single peak and distinct levels in the wet and dry periods.(2)The maximum annual water area of Dongting Lake decreased by 99.70 km²from 2000 to 2020,but the minimum water area increased by 188.85 km².(3)The effective connectivity of the water surface of Dongting Lake decreased significantly over the past 20 years.In general,connec-tivity increased along the west-east axis and decreased along the north-south axis.(4)Changes in water level were closely related with flow rates of the three major inlets(Ouchikou,Songzikou,and Taipingkou)and closely related to the overall hydrological regime of Dongting Lake,with Ouchikou having the largest impact.

关 键 词：水文情势 水域面积 水文连通性 洞庭湖 

分 类 号：TV11[水利工程—水文学及水资源]