同域分布5种柽柳属植物不同开花时期花粉活力研究  

Pollen Viability of Five Sympatric Tamarix Species in Different Blossom Periods

作　　者：侯亚欣 杨赵平[1,2] 刘香楠 菅佳鑫 曾思维 HOU Yaxin;YANG Zhaoping;LIU Xiangnan;JIAN Jiaxin;ZENG Siwei(College of Life Sciences and Technology,Tarim University,Aral 843300,Xinjiang,China;Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin,Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Aral 843300,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学生命科学与技术学院,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]新疆生产建设兵团塔里木盆地生物资源保护利用兵团重点实验室,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《西北林学院学报》2025年第1期83-91,共9页Journal of Northwest Forestry University

基　　金：第三次新疆综合科学考察项目“干旱区生物资源收集保育平台建设”子课题“塔里木大学标本数字化与信息共享”(2022xjkk1505)。

摘　　要：为探讨柽柳属植物花粉对环境的生态适应性,以同域分布不同时期开花的短穗柽柳、长穗柽柳、甘肃柽柳、多枝柽柳和刚毛柽柳为研究对象,通过设置3个温度梯度(25、30、35℃)及2个不同硼酸浓度(5、10 mg/L)和5个蔗糖浓度(50、100、150、200、250 g/L)的交叉试验,筛选出它们的最佳培养条件。此外,还观察了这5种植物6个开花时期(花蕾期、花苞期、始花期、盛花期、凋零期和初果期)的花粉活力。结果表明:1)除夏秋季开花的多枝柽柳在35℃萌发率最高外,其余4种在30℃条件下萌发率最大。2)5种植物的最佳培养基稍有不同,短穗柽柳在10 mg/L硼酸+250 g/L蔗糖、长穗柽柳在5 mg/L硼酸+(200~250)g/L蔗糖、甘肃柽柳和刚毛柽柳在5 mg/L硼酸+150 g/L蔗糖、多枝柽柳在5 mg/L硼酸+200 g/L蔗糖条件下萌发率最高。3)5种植物的花粉活力皆在花蕾期弱,盛花期达到最高,分别为96.24%、90.04%、64.24%、46.68%和43.21%,凋零期花粉活力急剧下降。这5种同域分布的柽柳属植物花粉活力的显著差异可能与自身的遗传因素、太阳辐射和自然温度等因素有关。In order to explore the ecological adaptability of Tamarix pollens to their environments,five sympatric Tamarix species that blossom at different periods were taken as the research objects,including T.laxa,T.elongata,T.gansuensis,T.ramosissima and T.hispida.The optimum culture conditions were examined by setting three temperature gradients(25,30,35℃),two different boric acid concentrations(5,10 mg/L)and five sucrose concentrations(50,100,150,200,250 g/L).In addition,the pollen viabilities of the five species at six blossom stages(the primary flower bud stage,the middle bud stage,the initial blossom stage,the full blossom stage,the withering stage and the primary fruiting stage)were also observed.The results showed that 1)except that T.ramosissima(flowering in summer and autumn)had the highest pollen germination rate at 35℃,yet the other four species were all at 30℃.2)The optimum pollen cultivation media of the five species were slightly different:“10 mg/L boric acid+250 g/L sucrose(T.laxa),“5 mg/L boric acid+200-250 g/L sucrose”(T.elongata),“5 mg/L boric acid+150 g/L sucrose”(T.gansuensis and T.hispida),and,“5 mg/L boric acid+200 g/L sucrose”(T.ramosissima).3)All the pollen viability were weak at the primary flower bud stage and reached the highest at the full blossom stage for the five Tamarix species.The values of pollen viability of T.laxa,T.elongata,T.gansuensis,T.ramosissima,and T.hispida at full blossom stage were 96.24%,90.04%,64.24%,46.68%and 43.21%,respectively.The pollen viability decreased sharply at the withering stage.The significant differences of pollen viability in the five sympatric Tamarix species could ascribe to the genetic factors,solar radiation,natural temperature or the other factors.

关 键 词：柽柳属 同域分布 花粉培养基 花粉活力 生态适应性 

分 类 号：S793.5[农业科学—林木遗传育种]