《联合国海洋法公约》中强制调解制度的适用、局限及对策  

The Application,Limitations,and Its Measures of Compulsory Conciliation System in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

作　　者：黄影 Huang Ying(School of International Relations,Tianjin Foreign Studies University,Tianjin 300204,China)

机构地区：[1]天津外国语大学国际关系学院,天津300204

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期13-24,共12页Journal of Ocean University of China(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大研究专项“全球海洋治理的国家实践及其发展态势研究”(20VHQ005)。

摘　　要：强制调解制度是《联合国海洋法公约》确立的争端解决机制的重要组成部分,仅适用于解决符合特定条件的特殊类型的海洋争端。设立强制调解制度的目的是协调沿海国管辖权与其他国家合理利用海洋诉求之间的矛盾和冲突,确保《联合国海洋法公约》确立的争端解决机制的完整性和有效性。强制调解制度已经付诸实践,并切实解决了国家间的海洋争端。强制调解制度虽然有其自身优势,但是仍存在诸多局限。为充分发挥强制调解制度的功效,应采取相应措施,对《联合国海洋法公约》中的原则性规定加以补足,以突破该制度的局限。具体措施包括鼓励当事国在调解开始前和进行中合作推动程序顺利进行,明确委员会的自身定位及其职权范围,以及避免失败的调解结果产生不利影响。Compulsory conciliation system is an important part of the dispute settlement mechanism of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea(UNCLOS),which is only applicable to the settlement of special types of maritime disputes that meet certain conditions.The purpose of establishing the compulsory conciliation system is to coordinate the conflicts and contradictions between the jurisdiction of coastal states and the reasonable use of marine claims of other states,and to maintain the integrity and effectiveness of the dispute settlement mechanism established by the Convention.The compulsory conciliation system has been put into practice and effectively resolved maritime disputes between countries.Although the compulsory conciliation system has its own advantages,it still has many limitations.In order to fully utilize the effectiveness of the compulsory conciliation system,relevant measures should be taken to supplement the principle provisions of UNCLOS to break through the limitations of the system.The concrete measures include cooperation between the parties before and during the conciliation process to promote the smooth progress of the procedure,clear positioning and scope of authority of the committee,and avoiding adverse effects on failed conciliation results.

关 键 词：联合国海洋法公约 强制调解制度 调解程序 海洋争端 

分 类 号：D993.5[政治法律—国际法学]